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ШОЙГУ СЕРГЕЙ
КУЖУГЕТОВИЧ, министр Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны,
чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий
Год рождения - 21 мая 1955 года. Место рождения - г. Чадан Тувинской
АССР. Национальность - тувинец. Образование высшее.
Окончил в 1977
году Красноярский политехнический институт.
Специальность по образованию - инженер-строитель. Кандидат экономических
наук. Генерал армии. Герой Российской Федерации.
Работа:
1972-77 - студент Красноярского политехнического института
1977-78 - мастер треста "Промхимстой", г.Красноярск
1978-79 - мастер, начальник участка треста "Тувинстрой",г.Кызыл
1979-84 - старший прораб, главный инженер, начальник строительного треста
"Ачинскалюминийстрой", г.Ачинск
1984-85 - заместитель управляющего трестом "Саяналюминстрой",
г.Саяногорск
1985-86 - управляющий трестом "Саянтяжстрой", г.Абакан
1986-88 - управляющий трестом "Абаканвагонстрой", г.Абакан
1988-89 - второй секретарь Абаканского ГК КПСС, г.Абакан
1989-90 - инспектор Красноярского крайкома КПСС, г.Красноярск
1990-91 - заместитель Председателя Государственного комитета РСФСР по
архитектуре и строительству, г.Мо-сква
1991-91 - председатель Российского корпуса спасателей, г.Москва
1991-91 - председатель Государственного комитета РСФСР по чрезвычайным
ситуациям, г.Москва
1991-94 - председатель Государственного комитета Российской Федерации по
делам гражданской обороны,чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий
стихийных бедствий
1993-н.в.- председатель Национальной комиссии Российской Федерации по
проведению международного десятилетия ООН по уменьшению опасности стихийных
бедствий
1993-н.в. - председатель Межведомственной комиссии по аттестации аварийно
- спасательных формирований, спасателей и образовательных учреждений по их
подготовке
1994-н.в. - министр РФ по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвы чайным
ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий
1995-н.в. - член Государственной комиссии по восстановлению экономики и
социальной сферы Чеченской Республики
1996-н.в. - член Совета Безопасности Российской Федерации
1996-н.в. - член Комиссии по ядерному оружию
1997-н.в. - Председатель Межведомственной комиссии по предупреждению и
ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций
1997-н.в. - член Комиссии по военному строительству при Совете Обороны
Российской Федерации
1997-н.в. - член Комиссии по финансовому и экономическому обеспечению
военных реформ при Совете Обороны Российской Федерации.
10.01.2000 – 7.05 2000 - заместитель председателя Правительства
Российской Федерации, министр МЧС
Указом Президента РФ от 18.03.93 г. награжден медалью "Защитник
свободной России" за мужество, проявленное при защите конституционного
строя в период 19-21.08.91 г.
Указом Президента РФ от 28.02.94 г. награжден орденом "За личное
мужество" за успешное выполнение специальных задач и проявленное при
этом мужество.
Указом Президента РФ N 1249 от 20.09.99 г. удостоен звания Героя
Российской Федерации за мужество и героизм, проявленные при исполнении
воинского долга в экстремальных ситуациях.
Указом Президента РФ N 508 от 07.05.03 г. присвоено очередное воинское
звание "генерал армии".
Указом Президента Киргизской Республики от 21.05.02 г. награжден орденом
"Данакер" за большой вклад в укрепление дружбы и сотрудничества
между Российской Федерацией и Киргизской Республикой.
Лауреат Премии Андрея Первозванного 1997 года "за блестящее решение
в кратчайшие сроки задачи формирования общероссийской службы "помощи и
спасения", ставшей для миллионов людей символом надежности и
надежды".
Лауреат Премии Владимира Высоцкого "СВОЯ КОЛЕЯ" 1998 года
"за поиск своих оригинальных решений, активность творческой самоотдачи и
высокий профессиональный уровень".
Лауреат Национальной общественной премии имени Петра Великого 1999 года
"за эффективное управление и развитие национальной системы гражданской
безопасности России".
Академик Академии проблем качества Российской Федерации, Международной
академии наук по экологической безопасности, а также Российской и
Международной инженерных академий.
(www.emercom.gov.ru).
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Born 21 May 1955
in the city of Chadan, Tuva ASSR.
Of Tuvan extraction. “His father held positions of responsibility in the
party apparat and the executive branch, ventually rising to become deputy
chairman of the autonomy's Council of Ministers. His mother worked as an
economist in a sovkhoz.” “One discernible hobby--he likes to sing
to a guitar accompaniment.”
- Krasnoyarsk
Polytechnical Institute (construction engineer) (1977).
- Took part in erecting
the Abakanvagonmash, the Achinsk Oil Refinery, and the
Sayansk Aluminum Plant.
- By 1988 had moved up
from foreman to head of a construction trust. Also worked in the
Krasnoyarsk CPSU Kray Committee.
- In 1990 summoned to Moscow
to serve as Deputy Chairman of the RSFSR State Committee for
Architecture and Construction. In 1991 became head of the newly
formed Russian Rescue Workers Corps, which was soon reconstituted as the
Russian State Committee for Civil Defense Affairs, Emergencies, and
Disaster Relief (the State Emergencies Committee).
- In January 1994 the
committee became a ministry (the Emergencies Ministry).
- Married and has
two daughters.
(VOYENNYYE ZNANIYA No 5-6, 92 pp 20-21). Promoted to Lt-
Gen in May 1995, (ITAR-TASS 1520 GMT 5
May 95). (DELOVOY MIR 11 Dec 96 pp 1, 6). Promoted to Col-Gen
(ITAR-TASS 1249 GMT 8 Dec 98).
Promoted to Col-Gen (ITAR-TASS 1249 GMT 8 Dec 98).
“During the first years of his career moved frequently.
1977-1978 was supervisor in the Promkhimstroy trust in Krasnoyarsk.
Then he returned to his motherland minor, where in 1978-1979 he was senior
supervisor in the Tuvinstroy trust. He moved back to Krasnoyarsk Kray, where
from 1979 to 1985 he was supervisor in the Achinskaluminstroy construction
trust. Then he was sent to Khakassia: In 1985-1986 he was manager of the
Sayantyazhstroy trust, and from 1986 to 1988--Abakanvagonstroy.
“In Abakan,
Shoygu was offered the chance to move to party work. … 1988-1989, second
secretary of the Abakan city
committee of the CPSU, in 1989-1990--inspector of the Krasnoyarsk
oblast committee of the VLKSM [All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League]. In
1990, appointed deputy chairman of the RSFSR State Committee for Architecture
and Construction in the cabinet headed by Ivan Silayev.
“During his work in construction organizations and later
in party and Komsomol organs, Shoygu participated many times in the formation
of volunteer rescue brigades going to various disaster areas. Gradually,
working in various emergency situations became the prime business for
Shoygu--it appealed to him more than building the ordinary career of an
economic manager. …
“Having become part of Russia's first democratic
government, in less than a year--in May 1991--Sergey Shoygu came up with the
idea of putting together a Russian rescue corps. This idea was immediately
supported by Yeltsin's entourage. Shoygu put together and took charge of a
rescue corps consisting of enthusiasts like himself. Initially--within the
Russian Goskomstroy system.
“…In August 1991, the President signed an edict creating
the RSFSR State Committee on Emergencies, and on 19 November Shoygu was given
"as a bonus" the cumbersome civil defense system (taken out from
the USSR government system that was being gradually dismantled), while the
new agency was renamed the Russian Committee of the Russian Federation on
Civil Defense, Emergency Situations, and Elimination of the Consequences of
Natural Disasters (GKChS). Finally, on 20 November 1994 the committee was reorganized into a
ministry. Simultaneously, Shoygu was made a member of the Russian Security
Council.
Shoygu's agency worked in "hot spots" of
the post-Soviet space. In Tajikistan,
engulfed in a bloody conflict, humanitarian caravans led by Russian rescue
workers to the most remote corners of the Pamir
foothills became one of the factors that prevented the disintegration of this
country. In South Ossetia, aid from Russia
became the salvation of numerous residents after military actions ended in
1992, when the republic had been devastated by the invasion of Zviad
Gamsakhurdia's commandos. Moreover, at the time Shoygu became cochairman
(from the Russian side) of a joint commission on the settlement of the
Georgian- Ossetian armed conflict. In November 1992, when there was shooting
not only in South Ossetia but on the Ossetian-Ingush border, where an
interethnic conflict had just taken place--hundreds of dead and tens of
thousands of refugees--Shoygu resolutely supported the harsh measures of
conflict containment adopted at the initiative of Sergey Shakhray, vice
premier and State Committee on Nationalities chairman. The GKChS head
supported even such an unpopular step as "strict approval of information
coming from the conflict zone into the mass media."
“Particularly memorable was an event in May 1993. A
Russian GKChS convoy made its way to the city of Tkvarcheli,
under siege by Georgians, to bring food and medicines for residents who had
experienced throughout the whole winter the horrors of the blockade. Near
Ochamvira, the convoy was fired upon by Georgian commandos. Shoygu, who
personally oversaw the course of the operation, asked the Russian military on
an open radio frequency to suppress the attackers with air and surface
strikes. The convoy made it to the besieged city, and on the way back
evacuated some of its residents to Russia
despite obstacles being put up by the Georgian authorities in Sukhumi.
“But first, war came to Moscow.
On 3 October 1993, the
leadership of many thousands of volunteers, called up within hours by Yegor
Gaydar, received from the GKChS 1,000 submachine guns with ammunition--on
Sergey Shoygu's personal orders. Fortunately, matters did not get to the
point of distributing the arms.
“In 1994, after the GKChS was renamed as the MChS, the
ambitious Shoygu requested that his personnel be given military ranks and
demanding 122 pairs of general's shoulder boards, and for himself--the rank
of army general. In the end, the request was substantially cut, and the
minister had to settle for major general. Over time, however, he rose in
rank: Since December 1998, he has been a colonel general. He took as his
first deputy Lieutenant General Valeriy Vostrotin, a Hero of the Soviet
Union and a legendary spetsnaz officer, who in 1979 commanded
the unit during the seizure of Amin's palace in Kabul.
“As early as 1995, the Russian Biography Institute named
Shoygu the best minister in the RF Government. Shoygu is the recipient of the
1997 Andrey Pervozvannyy Prize, and in September 1998 the Russian Children's
Fund and the International Association of Children's Funds awarded him the
Order of the Holy Prince Dmitriy-- the patron of all needy children (the
award was instituted in 1997 with the blessing of Aleksiy II, the patriarch
of Moscow and all Russia); the MChS sponsors several orphanages, has
organized the first in Russia cadet corps for rescue workers, and monitors
the implementation of programs for aid to children suffering from the
consequences of the Chernobyl disaster and other emergency situations...
“Shoygu's personal popularity helps to him to get the most
in providing for his agency both materially and financially--to the envy of
the Ministry of Defense and the MVD [Ministry of Internal Affairs]. But when
in 1998 Shoygu's name showed up on the list of the richest people in Russia
(published at the time by some mass media in connection with the Tax
Inspectorate's intention to uncover all major tax evaders), the minister was
genuinely surprised at this appraisal of his personal income and resources,
having noted in one interview that he does not even rent a state dacha but
has his own, rather modest, prefabricated house near Moscow. Very sensible:
Naturally, it is best for a person who works much in a tense environment to
rest in simple comfort built with one's own hands rather than in official
grandeur. There are other reasons, too--for instance, preserving the image
that the democratic leadership of Russia
upheld before it acquired the full scope of power in the country and all the
capabilities stemming from such power.
“Shoygu is not too anxious, however, to take part in
public politics. In the fall of 1993, he was included in Russia's
Choice's list of candidates for the State Duma, but he almost immediately
withdrew his candidacy. In an interview for Literaturnaya Gazeta in September
1994, Shoygu said that it is hard for him to imagine himself joining any
party or movement, or being a State Duma or Federation Council deputy. But in
April 1995, the MChS head joined the organizing committee of Chernomyrdin's
movement Our Home Is Russia. Apparently, he decided that this was the right
thing to do: He knows the real value of political stability better than most
active politicians in Russia.
“In 1994, enforcement agencies sent Yeltsin a collective
complaint on the President's security adviser Yuriy Baturin, accusing him of
exceeding his authority. The authors were Sergey Shoygu, Pavel Grachev, the
then-commander of border troops Andrey Nikolayev, SVR [Foreign Intelligence
Service] head Yevgeniy Primakov, FSK [Federal Counterintelligence Service]
Director Sergey Stepashin, and FAPSI [Federal Government Communications and
Information Agency] Director Aleksandr Starovoytov. After Baturin's
explanations, most of the signatories withdrew their signatures; only Grachev
(who counted on his closeness to Yeltsin) and Shoygu--a minister not too
close to the President but popular in society-- stood by their opinion.
“Shoygu easily found a common language with General
Lebed during the period of the latter's career surge in 1996. In appraising
MChS activities, the Tiraspol and
Khasavyurt peacemaker noted: "They do not make a noise here--they run
their business, which is the way it should be in the country as a
whole."
“In June 1998, Shoygu announced a very ambitious program
of reorganizing his agency, which assumed creating on the basis of civil
defense troops and search-and-rescue formations a new integrated
structure--the State Rescue Service completely outside the armed forces. According
to Shoygu, "this is much simpler than keeping thousands of
not-much-needed military servicemen guarding themselves." It is assumed
that a 200-man regiment will be guarding property, and in the event of war,
be expanded into a 1,000-1,500- man brigade. The minister plans to cut the
number of his agency's regional centers from nine to six, replace the current
36 military bases with 11 strong mobile rescue centers, and position aviation
in four points instead of the current two. "Thus, both economy and higher
mobility are achieved simultaneously," noted Shoygu.”
(Nezavisimaya Gazeta (Figury i Litsa Supplement) 8 May 99 No 9 p 9).]
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