Princeton in the Nation's Service:
A Perspective on Intelligence Reform from Outside the Beltway
The Final Report of the Snyder Commission
Edited by
Edward Cheng and Diane C. Snyder
Woodrow Wilson School Policy Conference 401a:
Intelligence Reform in the Post-Cold War Era
The Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
Princeton Unversity
January 1997
Table of Contents
Preface The Woodrow Wilson School Policy Conference
i i
ii
v
Foreword vi Acknowledgments xii 1 Chapter 2: Post-Cold War (PCW) Missions Framework and Its Two Pillars
4 2.1 The Existing Framework 2.2 Diplomacy and Defense: Balancing Support to Policy-makers and Support to the Military
2.3 America's National Interests
2.4 The Post-Cold War Framework
5 6
6
7
Chapter 3: The Three Tiers of the PCW Framework and Their Relationship to the Pillars
12 3.1 Tier A: High Priority Missions 3.1.1: Nuclear Nonproliferation
3.1.2: Counterterrorism
3.1.3: Global Organized Crime and Counternarcotics
3.2 Tier B: Medium Priority Missions
3.2.1: Economic Intelligence
3.2.2: Information Warfare
3.3 Tier C: Low Priority Missions
3.3.1: Environmental Intelligence
3.3.2: Health and Humanitarian-related Intelligence
13 13
19
20
24
24
27
31
31
34
Chapter 4: Connecting the Framework
38 4.1 Empower the Director of Central Intelligence 4.2 Conduct Human Intelligence (HUMINT)
4.3 Improve Coordination and Relationships
4.3.1: Coordination with Law Enforcement
4.3.2: Inter-agency Coordination
4.3.3: Coordination with International Agencies and Foreign Governments
4.3.4: Relationships with Academia and Industry
4.4: Diversify Assignments
4.5: Expedite Declassification
39 44
47
48
51
52
54
57
59
Chapter 5: Summary of Major Recommendations and Looking Towards the Future
63 5.1 Major Intelligence Community Reforms 5.2 Conclusion: Looking Towards Future Intelligence Reform
64 65
Appendix A: Covert Action: The Delicate Balance 69 Appendix B: Organizational Theory Considerations in Reforming the Intelligence Community 71 Appendix C: List of Acronyms 74 Bibliography 76