Princeton in the Nation's Service:

A Perspective on Intelligence Reform from Outside the Beltway

The Final Report of the Snyder Commission

Edited by

Edward Cheng and Diane C. Snyder

Woodrow Wilson School Policy Conference 401a:

Intelligence Reform in the Post-Cold War Era

The Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs

Princeton Unversity

January 1997

Table of Contents
Preface

The Woodrow Wilson School Policy Conference

The Participants

Research Topics

i

i

ii

v

Foreword vi
Acknowledgments xii

Chapter 1: Introduction

1

Chapter 2: Post-Cold War (PCW) Missions Framework and Its Two Pillars

4
2.1 The Existing Framework

2.2 Diplomacy and Defense: Balancing Support to Policy-makers and Support to the Military

2.3 America's National Interests

2.4 The Post-Cold War Framework

5

6

6

7

Chapter 3: The Three Tiers of the PCW Framework and Their Relationship to the Pillars

12
3.1 Tier A: High Priority Missions

3.1.1: Nuclear Nonproliferation

3.1.2: Counterterrorism

3.1.3: Global Organized Crime and Counternarcotics

3.2 Tier B: Medium Priority Missions

3.2.1: Economic Intelligence

3.2.2: Information Warfare

3.3 Tier C: Low Priority Missions

3.3.1: Environmental Intelligence

3.3.2: Health and Humanitarian-related Intelligence

13

13

19

20

24

24

27

31

31

34

Chapter 4: Connecting the Framework

38
4.1 Empower the Director of Central Intelligence

4.2 Conduct Human Intelligence (HUMINT)

4.3 Improve Coordination and Relationships

4.3.1: Coordination with Law Enforcement

4.3.2: Inter-agency Coordination

4.3.3: Coordination with International Agencies and Foreign Governments

4.3.4: Relationships with Academia and Industry

4.4: Diversify Assignments

4.5: Expedite Declassification

39

44

47

48

51

52

54

57

59

Chapter 5: Summary of Major Recommendations and Looking Towards the Future

63
5.1 Major Intelligence Community Reforms

5.2 Conclusion: Looking Towards Future Intelligence Reform

64

65

Appendix A: Covert Action: The Delicate Balance 69
Appendix B: Organizational Theory Considerations in Reforming the Intelligence Community 71
Appendix C: List of Acronyms 74
Bibliography 76