The Final Report of the Snyder Commission

Princeton in the Nation's Service:

A Perspective on Intelligence Reform from Outside the Beltway

The Final Report of the Snyder Commission

Edited by

Edward Cheng and Diane C. Snyder

Woodrow Wilson School Policy Conference 401a:

Intelligence Reform in the Post-Cold War Era

The Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs

Princeton Unversity

January 1997

Table of Contents

Preface
The Woodrow Wilson School Policy Conference
The Participants
Research Topics
i
i
ii
v

Foreword vi

Acknowledgments xii

Chapter 1: Introduction
1

Chapter 2: Post-Cold War (PCW) Missions Framework and Its Two Pillars
4

2.1 The Existing Framework
2.2 Diplomacy and Defense: Balancing Support to Policy-makers and Support to the Military
2.3 America's National Interests
2.4 The Post-Cold War Framework
5
6
6
7

Chapter 3: The Three Tiers of the PCW Framework and Their Relationship to the Pillars
12

3.1 Tier A: High Priority Missions
3.1.1: Nuclear Nonproliferation
3.1.2: Counterterrorism
3.1.3: Global Organized Crime and Counternarcotics
3.2 Tier B: Medium Priority Missions
3.2.1: Economic Intelligence
3.2.2: Information Warfare
3.3 Tier C: Low Priority Missions
3.3.1: Environmental Intelligence
3.3.2: Health and Humanitarian-related Intelligence
13
13
19
20
24
24
27
31
31
34

Chapter 4: Connecting the Framework
38

4.1 Empower the Director of Central Intelligence
4.2 Conduct Human Intelligence (HUMINT)
4.3 Improve Coordination and Relationships
4.3.1: Coordination with Law Enforcement
4.3.2: Inter-agency Coordination
4.3.3: Coordination with International Agencies and Foreign Governments
4.3.4: Relationships with Academia and Industry
4.4: Diversify Assignments
4.5: Expedite Declassification
39
44
47
48
51
52
54
57
59

Chapter 5: Summary of Major Recommendations and Looking Towards the Future
63

5.1 Major Intelligence Community Reforms
5.2 Conclusion: Looking Towards Future Intelligence Reform
64
65

Appendix A: Covert Action: The Delicate Balance 69

Appendix B: Organizational Theory Considerations in Reforming the Intelligence Community 71

Appendix C: List of Acronyms 74

Bibliography 76

Preface The Woodrow Wilson School Policy Conference The Participants Research Topics	i i ii v
Foreword	vi
Acknowledgments	xii
Chapter 1: Introduction	1
Chapter 2: Post-Cold War (PCW) Missions Framework and Its Two Pillars	4
2.1 The Existing Framework 2.2 Diplomacy and Defense: Balancing Support to Policy-makers and Support to the Military 2.3 America's National Interests 2.4 The Post-Cold War Framework	5 6 6 7
Chapter 3: The Three Tiers of the PCW Framework and Their Relationship to the Pillars	12
3.1 Tier A: High Priority Missions 3.1.1: Nuclear Nonproliferation 3.1.2: Counterterrorism 3.1.3: Global Organized Crime and Counternarcotics 3.2 Tier B: Medium Priority Missions 3.2.1: Economic Intelligence 3.2.2: Information Warfare 3.3 Tier C: Low Priority Missions 3.3.1: Environmental Intelligence 3.3.2: Health and Humanitarian-related Intelligence	13 13 19 20 24 24 27 31 31 34
Chapter 4: Connecting the Framework	38
4.1 Empower the Director of Central Intelligence 4.2 Conduct Human Intelligence (HUMINT) 4.3 Improve Coordination and Relationships 4.3.1: Coordination with Law Enforcement 4.3.2: Inter-agency Coordination 4.3.3: Coordination with International Agencies and Foreign Governments 4.3.4: Relationships with Academia and Industry 4.4: Diversify Assignments 4.5: Expedite Declassification	39 44 47 48 51 52 54 57 59
Chapter 5: Summary of Major Recommendations and Looking Towards the Future	63
5.1 Major Intelligence Community Reforms 5.2 Conclusion: Looking Towards Future Intelligence Reform	64 65

Appendix A: Covert Action: The Delicate Balance	69

Appendix B: Organizational Theory Considerations in Reforming the Intelligence Community	71

Appendix C: List of Acronyms	74

Bibliography	76