The Global Technology Revolution
Bibliography

    Foresight Methods

  1. Coates, J. F., "Foresight in Federal government policy making," Futures Research Quarterly, Vol. 1, 1985, pp. 29-53.

  2. Martin, Ben R., and John Irvine, Research Foresight: Priority-Setting in Science, Pinter, London, 1989.

  3. Larson, Eric V., "From forecast to foresight: lessons learned from a recent U.S. technology foresight activity," Keynote session, Foresight at Crossroads Conference, November 29-30, 1999.

    4. General S&T Future Visions

  4. Global Mega-Trends, New Zealand Ministry of Research, Science & Technology, http://www.morst.govt.nz/foresight/info.folders/global/intro.html.

  5. "Visions of the 21st Century," TIME, http://www.time.com/time/reports/v21/home.html.

  6. Hammonds, Keith H., "The optimists have it right," Business Week, August 13, 1998.

  7. Gross, Niel, and Otis Port, "The next wave for technology," Business Week, August 13, 1998.

  8. Campbell, Philip, "Tales of the expected," Nature, Vol. 402 Supp., December 1999, pp. C7-C9.

  9. "Simulating chemistry," R&D Research and Development in the New Millennium, R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 7, June 1999, pp. 44-48.

  10. Greenspan, A., "Maintaining economic vitality," Millennium Lecture Series, sponsored by the Gerald R. Ford Foundation and Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/1999/19990908.htm, September 8, 1999.

    11. Biotechnology

  11. "Biotechnology for the 21st century: New Horizons," Biotechnology Research Subcommittee, Committee on Fundamental Science, National Science and Technology Council, http://www.nal.usda.gov/bic/bio21/, July 1995.

  12. "The biotech century," Business Week, March 10, 1997, pp. 79-92.

  13. Lederberg, Joshua, "Science and technology: biology and biotechnology," Social Research, Vol. 64, No. 3, Fall 1997, pp. 1157-1161.

  14. Zucker, Lynne G., Michael R. Darby, and Marilynn B. Brewer, "Intellectual human capital and the birth of U.S. biotechnology enterprises," The American Economic Review, Vol. 88, No. 1, March 1998, pp. 290-306.

  15. "We are now starting the century of biology: already, genetic engineering is transforming medicine and agriculture--and that’s just scratching the surface," Business Week, http://www.businessweek.com/1998/35/b3593020.htm, August 24-31, 1998.

  16. Rotman, David, "The next biotech harvest," MIT Technology Review, September/October 1998.

  17. Long, Clarisa, "Picture biotechnology: promises and problems," The American Enterprise, http://www.theamericanenterprise.org/taeso98p.htm, September 1, 1998, pp. 55-58.

  18. Mironesco, Christine, "Parliamentary technology assessment of biotechnologies: a review of major TA reports in the European Union and the USA," Science and Public Policy, Vol. 25, No. 5, October 1998, pp. 327-342.

  19. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, "Pharma 2005--an industrial revolution in R&D," 1998.

  20. Gorman, Siobhan, "Future pharmers of America," National Journal, Vol. 31, No. 6, February 2, 1999, pp. 355-356.

  21. Morton, Oliver, "First fruits of the new tree of knowledge," Newsweek.com, February 3, 1999.

  22. Carey, John, Naomi Freundlich, Julia Flynn, and Neil Gross, "The biotech century--there’s a revolution brewing in the lab, and the payoff will be breathtaking," Business Week, No. 3517, March 10, 1999, pp. 78-90.

  23. Poste, George, "The conversion of genetics and computing: implications for medicine, society, and individual identity," Presentation to the Science and Technology Policy Institute, Summary by Danilo Pelletiere, www.rand.org/centers/stpi/newsci/Poste.html, April 19, 1999.

  24. Pfeiffer, Eric W. (ed.), "Will biotech top the net?" Forbes ASAP, special issue on biotechnology, http://www.forbes.com/asap/99/0531/, May 31, 1999.

  25. Logan, Toni, Evantheia Schibsted, Alex Frankel, Sally McGrane, and Suzie Amer, "Bioworlds: emerging pharma, it’s all about drugs," Forbes ASAP, http://www.forbes.com/asap/99/0531/044.htm, May 31, 1999, pp. 44-57.

  26. Caplan, Arthur, "Silence = disaster: to succeed biotech will have to answer many vexing ethical questions," Forbes ASAP, http://www.forbes.com/asap/99/0531/082.htm, May 31, 1999, pp. 82-84.

  27. "Biotech mania," R&D Research and Development in the New Millennium, R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 7, June 1999, pp. 22-27.

  28. Gunter, Barrie, Julian Kinderlerer, and Deryck Beyleveld, "The media and public understanding of biotechnology: a survey of scientists and journalists," Science Communication, Vol. 20, No. 4, June 1999, pp. 373-394.

  29. Stone, Amey, "This fund makes biotech bets a bit less risky," Business Week, July 12, 1999.

  30. Thiel, Karl A., "Big picture biology," www.BioSpace.com/articles/, July 14, 1999.

  31. Zorpette, Glenn, and Carol Ezzell (eds.), "Your bionic future," Scientific American Presents, September 1999.

  32. "The third generation of pharmaceutical R&D introduction," Glaxo Wellcome, 21 October 1999.

  33. Slavkin, Harold C., "Insights on human health: announcing the biotechnology century," National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, www.nidr.nih.gov/slavkin/slav0999.htm, November 11, 1999.

  34. "Industry in 2010: beyond the millennium," FT.com Life Sciences: Pharmaceuticals, http://www.ft.com/ftsurveys/q4b1a.htm, November 17, 1999.

  35. "Biotech trends 100," MIT Technology Review, Vol. 102, No. 6, November/December 1999, pp. 91-92.

  36. "Biotech on the move," MIT Technology Review, Vol. 102, No. 6, November/December 1999, pp. 67-69.

  37. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, "Pharma 2005--silicon rally: the race to e-R&D," 1999.

  38. "Biotech 2030: eight visions of the future," www.biospace.com/articles/, January 6, 2000.

  39. "Systems biology in the post-genomics era," Signals Magazine, http://recap/coom.signalsmag.nsf/DP91D8DF, February 2, 2000.

  40. Hapgood, Fred, "Garage biotech is here or just around the corner: will genetic modification for fun and profit become a homegrown industry?" Civilization, April/May 2000, pp. 46-51.

  41. Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), Introductory Guide to Biotechnology, 2000, http://www.bio.org/aboutbio/guidetoc.html.

    42. Biosensors and Related Sensors

  42. Schultz, Jerome S., "Biosensors," Scientific American, August 1991, pp. 64-69.

  43. Scheller, F. W., F. Schubert, and J. Fedrowitz, Frontiers in Biosensorics I: Fundamental Aspects, and II: Practical Applications, Birkhäuser, Basel, 1997.

  44. Dickinson, Todd A., Joel White, John S. Kauer, and David R. Walt, "Current trends in ‘artificial-nose’ technology," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 16, June 1998, pp. 250-258.

  45. Simpson, Michael L., Gary S. Sayler, Bruce M. Applegate, Steven Ripp, David E. Nivens, Michael J. Paulus, and Gerald E. Jellison, Jr., "Bioluminescent-bioreporter integrated circuits form novel whole-cell biosensors," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 16, August 1998, pp. 332-338.

  46. Giuliano, Kenneth A., and D. Lansing Taylor, "Fluorescent-protein biosensors: new tools for drug discovery," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 16, March 1998.

  47. Hellinga, Homme W., and Jonathan S. Marvin, "Protein engineering and the development of generic biosensors," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 16, April 1998, pp. 183-189.

  48. Marose, Stefan, Carsten Lindemann, Roland Ulber, and Thomas Scheper, "Optical sensor systems for bioprocess monitoring," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 17, January 1999, pp. 30-34.

    49. Genomics

  49. Coates, Joseph, F., John B. Mahaffie, and Andy Hines, "The Promise of Genetics," The Futurist, Vol. 31, No. 5, September-October 1997, pp. 18-22.

  50. Strohman, Richard C., "Five stages of the human genome project," Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 17, February 1999, p. 112.

  51. Naomi Freundlich, "Finding a cure in DNA?" Business Week, No. 3517, March 19, 1999, pp. 90-92.

  52. "Human genome promise," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 7, June 1999, pp. 40-42.

  53. Jasny, Barbara R., and Pamela J. Hines, "Genome prospecting," Science, Vol. 286, No. 5439, October 15, 1999, pp. 443-491.

  54. Plomin, Robert, "Genetics and general cognitive ability," Nature, Vol. 402, Supp., December 16, 1999, pp. C25-C29.

  55. Eisen, Jonathan, "Microbial and plant genomics," Biotechnology: The Science and the Impact (Conference Proceedings), Netherlands Congress Centre, the Hague, http://www.usemb.nl/bioproc.htm, January 20-21 2000.

  56. Carrington, Damian, "How the code was cracked," BBC News Online, http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/in_depth/sci_tech/2000/human_genome/newsid_760000/760849.stm, May 30, 2000.

  57. Pennisi, Elizabeth, "Finally, the book of life and instructions for navigating it," Science, Vol. 288, No. 5475, June 30, 2000, pp. 2304-2307.

  58. Dennis, Carina, Richard Gallagher, and Philip Campbell (eds.), "The human genome," special issue on the human genome, Nature, Vol. 409, No. 6822, February 15, 2001.

  59. Baltimore, David, "Our genome unveiled," Nature, Vol. 409, No. 6822, February 15, 2001, pp. 814-816.

  60. Aach, John, Martha L. Bulyk, George M. Church, Jason Comander, Adnan Derti, and Jay Shendure, "Computational comparison of two draft sequences of the human genome," Nature, Vol. 409, No. 6822, February 15, 2001, pp. 856-859.

  61. International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (IHGSC), "Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome," Nature, Vol. 409, No. 6822, February 15, 2001, pp. 860-921.

  62. Jasny, Barbara R., and Donald Kennedy (eds.), "The human genome," special issue on the human genome, Science, Vol. 291, No. 5507, February 16, 2001.

  63. Galas, David J., "Making sense of the sequence," Science, Vol. 291, No. 5507, February 16, 2001, pp. 1257-1260.

  64. Venter, J. Craig, et al., "The sequence of the human genome," Science, Vol. 291, No. 5507, February 16, 2001, pp. 1304-1351.

    65. Genetically Modified Foods

  65. Evenson, Robert E., "Global and local implications of biotechnology and climate change for future food supplies," Proceedings of the National Academies of Science USA, Vol. 96, May 1999, pp. 5921-5928.

  66. Butler, Declan, Tony Reichhardt, Alison Abbott, David Dickson, and Asako Saegusa, "Long-term effect of GM crops serves up food for thought," Nature, Vol. 398, No. 6729, April 22, 1999.

  67. Vogt, Donna U., and Mickey Parish, "Food biotechnology in the United States: science, regulation, and issues," Congressional Research Service Report to Congress, http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/global/biotech/crsfood.htm, June 2, 1999.

  68. Persley, G. J., and M. M. Lantin (eds.), Agricultural Biotechnology and the Poor, An International Conference on Biotechnology, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, http://www.cgiar.org/biotech/rep0100/contents.htm, October 21-22, 1999.

  69. Haslberger, Alexander G., "Monitoring and labeling for genetically modified products," Science, Vol 287, No. 5452, January 21, 2000, pp. 431-432.

  70. Somerville, Chris, "The genetic engineering of plants," Biotechnology: the Science and the Impact (Conference Proceedings), Netherlands Congress Centre, the Hague, http://www.usemb.nl/bioproc.htm, January 20-21, 2000.

  71. Benbrook, Charles, "Who controls and who will benefit from plant genomics?" The 2000 Genome Seminar: Genomic Revolution in the Fields: Facing the Needs of the New Millennium, AAAS Annual Meeting, Washington D.C., February 19, 2000.

  72. Langridge, William H.R., "Edible Vaccines," Scientific American, Vol. 283, No. 3, September 2000, pp. 66-71.

    73. Cloning

  73. Eiseman, Elisa, Cloning Human Beings: Recent Scientific and Policy Developments, RAND, MR-1099.0-NBAC, http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1099.pdf, Santa Monica, California, August 1999.

  74. Gurdon, J. B., and Alan Colman, "The future of cloning," Nature, Vol. 402, No. 6763, December 16, 1999, pp. 743-746.

  75. Pennisi, E., and G. Vogel, "Animal cloning: clones: a hard act to follow," Science, Vol. 288, No. 5472, June 9, 2000, p. 1722-1727.

  76. McLaren, Anne, "Cloning: pathways to a pluripotent future," Science, Vol. 288, No. 5472, June 9, 2000, p. 1775-1780.

  77. Matzke, M. A., and A. J. M. Matzke, "Cloning problems don’t surprise plant biologists," Science, Vol. 288, No. 5475, June 30, 2000, p. 2318.

  78. Weiss, Rick, "Human cloning’s ‘numbers game,’" Washington Post, October 10, 2000, p. A01.

    79. New Organism Creation and Minimal Genomes

  79. Cho, Mildred K., David Magnus, Arthur L. Chaplain, and Daniel McGee, "Ethical considerations in synthesizing a minimal genome," Science, Vol. 286, No. 5447, December 10, 1999, pp. 2087-2090.

  80. Hutchinson III, Clyde A., Scott N. Peterson, Steven R. Gill, Robin T. Cline, Owen White, Claire M. Frazer, Hamilton O. Smith, and J. Craig Venter, "Global transponson mutagenesis and a minimal mycoplasma genome," Science, Vol. 286, No. 5447, December 10, 1999, pp. 2165-2169.

    81. Fluorescent Proteins

  81. Tsien, Roger Y., "Rosy dawn for fluorescent proteins," Nature Biotechnology, Vol.17, October 1999, pp. 956-957.

    82. Lab Techniques/Instruments

  82. Müller-Gärtner, Hans-W., "Imaging techniques in the analysis of brain function and behaviour," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 16, No. 3., March 1998.

  83. Thomas, Charles F., and John G. White, "Four-dimensional imaging: the exploration of space and time," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 16, April 1998, pp. 175-182.

  84. Foster, Barbara, "MicroConvergence," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 8, July 1999, pp. 48-50.

  85. Stoffel, James, "New imaging pathways," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 7, June 1999, pp. 80-82.

  86. "Shrinking the ‘universal sensor’," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 9, August 1999, pp. S53-S54.

  87. Lindsay, Stuart, "AFM emerges as essential R&D tool," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 10, September 1999.

  88. Costello, Catherine E., "Bioanalytic applications of mass spectrometry," Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 10, 1999, pp. 22-28.

    89. Combinatorial Chemistry

  89. Karet, Gail, "Combinatorial methods successful in solid-state catalyst discovery," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 11, October 1998, p. 67.

  90. Pople, John, quoted in "Simulating chemistry," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 7, June 1999.

    91. Lab-on-a-Chip

  91. Schena, Mark, Renu A. Heller, Thomas P. Theriault, Ken Konrad, Eric Lachenmeier, and Ronald W. Davis, "Microarrays: biotechnology’s discovery platform for functional genomics," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 16, July 1998, pp. 301-306.

  92. Studt, Tim, "Development of microfluidic UHTS systems speeding up," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 2, February 1999, p. 43.

  93. Hicks, Jennifer, "Genetics and drug discovery dominate microarray research," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 2, February 1999, pp. 28-33.

  94. Marsili, Ray, "Lab-on-a-chip poised to revolutionize sample prep," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 2, February 1999, pp. 34-40.

  95. "Fundamental changes ahead for lab instrumentation," R&D Magazine, February 1999, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 18-27.

  96. Regnier, Fred E., Bing He, Shen Lin, and John Busse, "Chromatography and electrophoresis on chips: critical elements of future integrated, microfluidic analytical systems for life science." Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 17, March 1999, pp. 101-106.

  97. "Robotics speed drug discovery," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 9, August 1999, p. S57.

  98. "Biochips perform genetic analyses rapidly and economically," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 9, August 1999, p. S54.

    99. Bio-Nanotechnology

  99. Drexler, K. Eric, "Building molecular machine systems," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 17, January 1999, pp. 5-7.

  100. Pum, Dietmar, and Uwe B. Sleytr, "The application of bacterial S-layers in molecular nanotechnology," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 17, January 1999, pp. 8-12.

  101. Parkinson, John, and Richard Gordon, "Beyond micromachining: the potential of diatoms," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 17, May 1999, pp. 190-196.

  102. Lee, Stephen C., "Biotechnology for nanotechnology," meeting report, Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 16, June 1999, pp. 239-240.

  103. Merkle, Ralph C., "Biotechnology as a route to nanotechnology," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 17, July 1999, pp. 271-274.

  104. Kröger, Nils, Rainer Deutzmann, and Manfred Sumper, "Polycationic peptides from diatom biosilica that direct silica nanosphere formation," Science, Vol. 286, November 1999, pp. 1129-1131.

  105. Amato, Ivan, "Reverse engineering the ceramic art of algae," Science, Vol. 286, November 1999, pp. 1059-1061.

  106. Mirkin, C. A., "A DNA-based methodology for preparing nanocluster circuits, arrays, and diagnostic materials," MRS Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 1, January 2000, pp. 43-54.

    107. Biomedical Engineering

  107. Grundfest, Warren, "The future of biomedical engineering at UCLA," UCLA colloquium, March 16, 2000.

  108. Chang, Thomas Ming Swi, "Artificially boosting the blood supply," Chemistry & Industry, Apri1 17, 2000, pp. 281-285.

    109. Biological Simulations

  109. Noble, Denis, "Reduction and integration in understanding the heart," The Limits of Reductionism in Biology, Gregory Bock and Jamie Goode (eds.), Novartis Foundation Symposium, Vol. 213, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1998, pp. 56-68; discussion pp. 68-75.

  110. Robbins-Roth, Cynthia, "The virtual body," Forbes, Vol. 162, No. 3, August 10, 1998, p. 109.

  111. Buchanan, Mark, "The heart that just won’t die," New Scientist, Vol. 161, No. 2178, March 20, 1999, pp. 24-28.

  112. Normile, Dennis, "Building working cells ‘in silico,’" Science, Vol. 284, No. 5411, April 2, 1999, pp. 80-81.

  113. Schaff J., and L. M. Loew, "The virtual cell," Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing, Vol. 4, 1999, pp. 228-239.

    114. Bioinformatics

  114. Trends Guide to Bioinformatics, Elsevier Science, 1998.

  115. Lim, Hwa A., and Tauseef R. Butt, "Bioinformatics takes charge," meeting report, Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 16, March 1998.

  116. Venkatesh, T. V., Benjamin Bowen, and Hwa A. Lim, "Bioformatics, pharma and farmers," meeting report, Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 17, March 1999, pp. 85-88.

    117. Stem Cells

  117. Shamblott, M. J., J. Axelman, S. Wang, E. M. Bugg, J. W. Littlefield, P. J. Donovan, P. D. Blumenthal, G. R. Huggins, and J. D. Gearhart, "Derivation of pluripotent stem cells from cultured human primordial germ cells," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, Vol. 95, 1998, pp. 13726-13731.

  118. Thomson, J. A., J. Itskovitz-Eldor, S. S. Shapiro, M. A. Waknitz, J. J. Swiergiel, V. S. Marshall, and J. M. Jones, "Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts," Science, Vol. 282, No. 5391, November 6, 1998, pp. 1145-1147.

  119. Couzin, Jennifer, "The promise and peril of stem cell research--scientists confront thorny ethical issues," U.S. News & World Report, May 31, 1999.

  120. U.S. National Bioethics Advisory Commission, "Ethical issues in human stem cell research," http://bioethics.gov/pubs.html, September 1999.

  121. McLaren, Anne, "Stem cells: golden opportunities with ethical baggage," Science, Vol. 288, No. 5472, June 9, 2000, p. 1778.

  122. Allen, Arthur, "God and science," Washington Post Magazine, October 15, 2000, pp. 8-13, 27-32.

    123. Materials Science and Engineering

  123. National Research Council, Materials Science and Engineering in the 90s: Maintaining Competitiveness in the Age of Materials, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1989.

  124. Good, Mary, "Designer materials," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 7, June 1999, pp. 76-77.

  125. Arunachalam, V. S., "Materials challenges for the next century," MRS Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 1, January 2000, pp. 55-56.

  126. ASM International, "Millennium materials," Editorial, Advanced Materials & Processes, March 2000.

  127. Gupta, T. N., "Materials for the human habitat," MRS Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 4, April 2000, pp. 60-63.

  128. Olson, Gregory B., "Designing a new material world," Science, Vol. 288, No. 5468, May 12, 2000, pp. 993-998.

    129. Biomaterials

  129. Nadis, Steve, "We can rebuild you," MIT Technology Review, Vol. 100, No. 7, October 1997, pp. 16-18.

  130. Bonassar, L. J., and C. A. Vacanti, "Tissue engineering: the first decade and beyond," J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl., Vol. 30/31, 1998, pp. 297-303.

  131. Aksay, I. A., and S. Weiner, "Biomaterials, is this really a field of research?" Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science, Vol. 3, 1998, pp. 219-220.

  132. Colbert, Daniel T., and Richard E. Smalley, "Fullerene nanotubes for molecular electronics," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 17, February 1999, pp. 46-50.

  133. McFarland, Eric W., and W. Henry Weinberg, "Combinatorial approaches to materials discovery," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 17, March 1999, pp. 107-115.

  134. Garnett, M. C., et al., "Applications of novel biomaterials in colloidal drug delivery systems," MRS Bulletin, Vol. 24, No. 5, May 1999, pp. 49-56.

  135. Reiss, J. G., and M. P. Krafft, "Fluorocarbons and fluorosurfactants for in vivo oxygen transport (blood substitutes), imaging, and drug delivery," MRS Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 5, May 1999, pp. 42-48.

  136. Glaev, Igor Y., and Bo Mattiasson, "‘Smart’ polymers and what they could do in biotechnology and medicine," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 17, No. 8, August 1999, pp. 335-340.

  137. Ackerman, Robert K., "Futuristic materials inspired by biological counterparts," Signal, March 2000, pp. 37-41.

  138. Temenoff, J. S., and A. G. Mikos, "Review: tissue engineering for regeneration of articular cartilage," Biomaterials, Vol. 21, 2000, pp. 431-440.

  139. Hench, L. L., "Medical materials for the next millennium," MRS Bulletin, Vol. 24, No. 5, May 1999, pp. 13-19 (see also http://www.anl.gov/OPA/news96/news961203.html).

  140. For additional information on tissue engineering, see: http://www.pittsburgh-tissue.net, http://www.whitaker.org, http://www.advancedtissue.com, http://www.organogenesis.com, http://www.integra-ls.com, and http://www.isotis.com.

    141. Rapid Prototyping and Robotics

  141. "How hot lasers are taming titanium," Fortune, Industrial Management and Technology Edition, 21 February 2000, quoted at http://www.aerometcorp.com/aeromentnews.htm.

  142. Rapid prototyping web page and links were found at http://www.cc.utah.edu/~asn8200/rapid.html#COM.

    143. Smart Materials and Structures

  143. Haertling, G. H., "RAINBOW ceramics--a new type of ultra-high-displacement actuator," American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 73, 1994, pp. 93-96.

  144. Humbeeck, J. Van, D. Reynaerts, and J. Peirs, "New opportunities for shape memory alloys for actuators, biomedical engineering, and smart materials," Materials Technology, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1996, pp. 55-61.

  145. Sater, Janet M. (ed.), Smart Structures and Materials 1997: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 3044, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, Washington, May 1997.

  146. Newnham, R. E., "Molecular mechanisms in smart materials," MRS Bulletin, Vol. 22, No. 5, May 1997, pp. 20-34.

  147. Shahinpoor, M., Y. Bar-Cohen, J. O. Simpson and J. Smith, "Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) as biomimetic sensors, actuators and artificial muscles--a review," Smart Mater. Struct., Vol. 7, 1998, pp. R15-R30.

  148. Sater, Janet M. (ed.), Smart Structures and Materials 1998: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies. Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 3326, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, Washington, June 1998.

  149. Jacobs, Jack H. (ed.), Smart Structures and Materials 1999: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, Proceedings of SPIE, Volume 3674, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, Washington, July 1999.

  150. Newnham, Robert E., and Ahmed Amin, "Smart systems: Microphones, fish farming, and beyond," Chemtech, Vol. 29, No. 12, December 1999, pp. 38-46.

  151. Bar-Cohen, Y., "Electroactive polymers as artificial muscles--capabilities, potentials and challenges," Keynote Presentation at the Robotics 2000 and Space 2000 International Conferences (International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, Operations, and Business in Space, collocated with the International Conference and Exposition on Robotics for Challenging Situations and Environments), Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 28-March 2, 2000, http://www.spaceandrobotics.org. The site includes references to other electroactive polymer and related robotics websites.

  152. Wool, Richard P., "Polymer science: A material fix," Nature, Vol. 409, No. 6822, February 15, 2001, pp. 773-774.

  153. White, S. R., N. R. Sottos, P. H. Geubelle, J. S. Moore, M. R. Kessler, S. R. Sriram, E. N. Brown, and S. Viswanathan, "Autonomic healing of polymer composites," Nature, Vol. 409, No. 6822, February 15, 2001, pp. 794-797.

    154. Nanomaterials

  154. Alivisatos, P., "Electrical studies of semiconductor nanocrystal colloids," MRS Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 2, February 1998, pp. 19-23.

  155. Smalley, R. E., "Nanotech growth," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 7, June 1999, pp. 34-37.

  156. Chen, T., N. N. Thadhami, and J. M. Hampikian, "The effects of nanostructure on the strengthening of NiAl," High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys Symposium VIII, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 552, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1999.

  157. Koch, C. C., D. G. Morris, K. Lu, and A. Inoue, "Ductility of nanostructured materials," MRS Bulletin, Vol. 24, No. 2, 1999, pp. 54-58.

    158. Nanotubes

  158. Bockrath, M., et al., "Single electron transport in ropes of carbon nanotubes," Science, Vol. 275, 1997, p. 1922.

  159. Zhu, W., C. Bower, O. Zhou, G. Kochanski, and S. Jin, "Large current density from carbon nanotube field emitters," Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 75, No. 6, 1999, pp. 873-875.

  160. Lerner, Eric J., "Putting nanotubes to work," The Industrial Physicist, American Institute of Physics, December 1999, p. 22-25.

    161. Molecular Manufacturing

  161. Service, Robert F., "New reaction promises nanotubes by the Kilo," Science, Vol. 290, No. 5490, October 13, 2000, pp. 246-247.

  162. Drexler, K. Eric, Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, Anchor Books/Doubleday, New York, 1987.

  163. Drexler, K. Eric, Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1992.

  164. Nelson, Max, and Calvin Shipbaugh, The Potential of Nanotechnology for Molecular Manufacturing, RAND, MR-615-RC, Santa Monica, California, 1995.

  165. Crandall, B. C. (ed.), Nanotechnology: Molecular Speculations on Global Abundance, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1996.

  166. Timp, Gregory (ed.), Nanotechnology, Springer Verlag, New York, 1999.

  167. Voss, David, "Moses of the nanoworld: Eric Drexler led the way," MIT Technology Review, Vol. 102, No. 2, March/April, 1999.

  168. Zachary, G. Pascal, "Nano-hype," MIT Technology Review, Vol. 103, No. 1, January/February 2000, p. 39.

    169. Nanotechnology

  169. Smalley, R. E., "Nanotechnology and the next 50 years," Presentation to the University of Dallas Board of Councilors, http://cnst.rice.edu/, December 7, 1995.

  170. Smith, Charles G., "Computation without current," Science, Vol. 284, No. 5412, April 1999, p. 274.

  171. Siegel, Richard W., Evelyn Hu, Mihail C. Roco, Nanostructure Science and Technology (A World-Wide Study): R&D Status and Trends in Nanoparticles, Nanostructured Materials and Nanodevices, National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Committee on Technology and The Interagency Working Group on NanoScience, Engineering and Technology (IWGN), Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1999 (also available at http://itri.loyola.edu/nano/IWGN.Worldwide.Study/).

  172. "Nanotech growth," Research and development in the new millennium, R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 7, June 1999.

  173. McWhorter, Paul J., "The role of nanotechnology in the second silicon revolution," Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, June 22, 1999.

  174. Merkle, Ralph, C., "Nanotechnology: the coming revolution in manufacturing," Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, June 22, 1999.

  175. Wong, Eugene, "Nanoscale science and technology: opportunities for the twenty-first century," Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, June 22, 1999.

  176. Smalley, R. E., "Nanotechnology," Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, June 22, 1999.

  177. Freitas, Robert A. Jr., "Nanomedicine," Nanomedicine FAQ, www.foresight.org, January 2000.

  178. "National Nanotechnology Initiative: Leading to the Next Industrial Revolution," White House press release, http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/New/html/20000121_4.html, January 21, 2000.

  179. National Nanotechnology Initiative: Leading to the Next Industrial Revolution, Executive Office of the President of the United States, http://www.nano.gov, February 7, 2000.

  180. Rennie, John, "Nanotech reality," Science, Vol. 282, No. 6, June 2000, p. 8.

  181. Coontz, Robert, and Phil Szuromi (eds.), "Issues in nanotechnology," special issue on nanotechnology, Science, Vol. 290, No. 5496, November 24, 2000, pp. 1523-1558.

    182. Molecular Electronics

  182. P. S. Weiss, "Are single molecular wires conducting?" Science, Vol. 271, 1996, pp. 1705-1707.

  183. Cuberes, M. T., et al., "Room temperature repositioning of individual C60 molecules at Cu steps: Operation of a molecular counting device," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 69, 1996, p. 3016.

  184. Credi, A., V. Balzani, S. J. Langford, and J. F. Stoddart, "Logic operations at the molecular level. An XOR gate based on a molecular machine," J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 119, 1997, p. 2679.

  185. Collins, P. G., A. Zettl, H. Bando, A. Thess, and R. E. Smalley, "Nanotube nanodevice," Science, Vol. 278, p. 100.

  186. Heath, James R., Philip J. Kuekes, Gregory S. Snider, and R. Stanley Williams, "A defect-tolerant computer architecture: opportunities for nanotechnology," Science, Vol. 280, No. 5370, June 1998, pp. 1716-1721.

  187. Collier, C. P., E. W. Wong, M. Belohradsky, F. M. Raymo, J. F. Stoddart, P. J. Kuekes, R. S. Williams, and J. R. Heath, "Electronically configurable molecular-based logic gates," Science, Vol. 285, No. 5426, 1999, pp. 391-394.

  188. Chen, J., M. A. Reed, A. M. Rawlett, and J. M. Tour, "Large on-off ratios and negative differential resistance in a molecular electronic device," Science, Vol. 286, 1999, pp. 1550-1552.

    189. Nanofabricated Chips

  189. Packen, Paul, "Pushing the limits," Science, Vol. 285, No. 5436, 24 September, 1999, pp. 2079-81.

  190. SEMATECH, International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, 1999.

    191. Quantum Computing

  191. Shor, P., "Algorithms for quantum computation: Discrete logarithms and factoring," Proc. 35th Ann. Symp. Foundations of Computer Science, Vol. 124, 1994.

  192. Bennet, C. H., "Quantum information and computing," Physics Today, Vol. 48, No. 10, October 1995, pp. 24-30.

  193. DiVincenzo, D., "Quantum computation," Science, Vol. 270, 1995, p. 255.

  194. Gershenfeld, N., and I. L. Chuang, "Bulk spin resonance quantum computation," Science, Vol. 275, 1997, p. 350.

  195. Sohn, Lydia L., "A quantum leap for electronics," Nature, Vol. 394, No. 6689, July 1998.

  196. Birnbaum, J., and R. S. Williams, "Physics and the information revolution," Physics Today, Vol. 53, No. 1, January 2000, pp. 38-42.

    197. Bio-Computing

  197. Adleman, L., "Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems," Science, Vol. 266, 1994, p. 1021.

  198. Alivisatos, A. P., et al., "Organization of ‘nanocrystal molecules’ using DNA, " Nature, Vol. 382, 1996, p. 609.

  199. "Computing with DNA," Scientific American, Vol. 279, 1998, p. 34.

  200. Tomita, M., K. Hashimoto, K. Takahashi, Y. Matsuzaki, R. Matsushima, K. Saito, K. Yugi, F. Miyoshi, H. Nakano, S. Tanida, and T. S. Shimizu, "E-CELL project overview: towards integrative simulation of cellular processes," Genome Informatics Workshop 1998, Tokyo, Japan, 10-12 December 1998, http://www.genome.ad.jp/manuscripts/GIW98/Poster/GIW98P02.pdf.

  201. Tomita, M., K. Hashimoto, K. Takahashi, T. S. Shimizu, Y. Matsuzaki, F. Miyoshi, K. Saito, S. Tanida, K. Yugi, J. C. Venter, and C. A. Hutchison, 3rd, "E-CELL: software environment for whole-cell simulation," Bioinformatics, Vol. 15, No. 1, January 15, 1999, http://www.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~mt/mt-lab/publications/abs/tomita99.html, pp. 72-84.

    202. MEMS

  202. Marshall, Sid, "New applications emerging as MEMS technology advances," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 8, July 1998, pp. 32-37.

  203. Picraux, S. Tom, and Paul J. McWhorter, "The broad sweep of integrated microsystems," IEEE Spectrum, December 1998, pp. 24-33.

  204. Sasaki, Satoshi, and Isao Karube, "The development of microfabricated biocatalytic fuel cells," Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 17, February 1999, pp. 50-52.

  205. Micromachine Devices, Vol. 4, No.6, June 1999.

  206. Karet, Gail, "Integrated approach simplifies MEMS design," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 8, July 1999, p. 41.

  207. Marshall, Sid, "Industry roadmap planned for microsystems technology," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 8, July 1999, pp. 44-45.

    208. Nanosensors

  208. Dong, L. F., et al., "Gas sensing properties of nano-ZnO prepared by arc plasma method," Nanostruct. Mater., Vol. 8, 1997, p. 815.

  209. Duncan, R., "Polymer therapeutics for tumor specific delivery," Chemistry and Industry, Vol. 7, 1997, pp.262-264.

  210. Iddan, G., G. Meron, and P. Swain, "Medical engineering: Wireless capsule endoscopy," Nature, Vol. 405, No. 6785, May 25, 2000, p. 417.

    211. Information Technology Visions

  211. Smarr, Larry, "Digital fabric," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 7, June 1999, pp. 50-54.

  212. Hundley, Richard O., Robert H. Anderson, Tora K. Bikson, James A. Dewar, Jerrold Green, Martin Libicki, and C. Richard Neu, The Global Course of the Information Revolution: Political, Economic, and Social Consequences: Proceedings of an International Conference, RAND, CF-154-NIC, http://www.rand.org/publications/CF/CF154/, Santa Monica, California, 2000.

  213. Anderson, Robert H., Philip S. Antón, Steven C. Bankes, Tora K. Bikson, Jonathan P. Caulkins, Peter J. Denning, James A. Dewar, Richard O. Hundley, and C. Richard Neu, The Global Course of the Information Revolution: Technology Trends: Proceedings of an International Conference, RAND, CF-157-NIC, http://www.rand.org/publications/CF/CF157/, Santa Monica, California, 2000.

    214. Technologies for Space

  214. Luu, Kim, and Maurice Martin, "GSFC shuttle payload design workshop for the university nanosatellite program," Overview and NASA Safety Workshop, AFOSR and DARPA University Nanosatellite Program, http://www.nanosat.usu.edu/presentations/afpayload/index.html, July 27, 1999. See also http://www.nanosat.usu.edu/ for general information on the nanosatellite program.

  215. Beardsley, Tim, "The way to go in space," Scientific American, February 1999, pp. 81-97.

  216. Marshall, Sid, "MEMS growth reflected in space instrumentation," R&D Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 8, July 1999, pp. 37-40.

    217. Globalization

  217. Friedman, Thomas L., The Lexus and the Olive Tree, Anchor Books, New York, April 2000.

    218. Legal Issues

  218. Walter, Carrie F., "Beyond the Harvard Mouse: current patent practice and the necessity of clear guidelines in biotechnology patent law," Indiana Law Journal, Vol. 73, No. 3, http://www.law.indiana.edu/ilj/v73/no3/walter.html, Summer 1998.

Chapter 3 | Top | Back Cover Abstract