Introduction to the Intel XXI Concept

by Captain Neal J. Wegner
Currently slated for a late spring 1996 publication, the Intelligence XXI concept will be the Army's operational concept for 21st century military intelligence (MI) operations. It depicts how the intelligence battlefield operating system will support warfighters. The concept describes the role intelligence will play in reducing the uncertainties and risks inherent in the conduct of decisive operations in the 21st century. It also identifies how the Army will organize, equip, train, and employ the intelligence battlefield operating system as an integral part of our future force.

Background

An analysis of future MI requirements as defined in Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Pamphlet 525-5, Force XXI Operations, related publications, and on-going Force XXI activities led to development of this concept. In January and February 1995, respectively, participants at the 21st Century Technology Symposium and Worldwide Intelligence Conference reviewed the initial tenets. Then, in May 1995, the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence published the Army's vision for intelligence support to Force XXI INTEL XXI: Strategy for the 21st Century. The concept has been further refined based on the insights gained from

Developmental Factors

The highly complex strategic environment in which commanders will operate has significant implications for future military operations and the intelligence system that will support them. The U.S. National Military Strategy focuses now and into the future on regional conflicts; crisis response; power projection; joint, coalition, and interagency operations; and a wide variety of ambiguous threats. Other factors that will influence the development of the intelligence force over the next two decades include
Recent operations in Southwest Asia, Panama, Somalia, Rwanda, Haiti, and Bosnia have given us a preview of the challenges that lie ahead and how the future force will operate. They illustrate the complexity of force projection operations in both mid-intensity conflicts and nontraditional stability- and-support-operations settings and amplify the critical role technology will play in the future. Finally, they reinforce the fact that conducting information operations to gain information dominance will be critical to the successful conduct of future decisive operations.

Objective

Commanders in Force XXI operations will have at their disposal the most precise, lethal, and agile weapon systems and organizations the world has ever known. To mass the effects of these potent capabilities, these commanders must be able to
The U.S. Army is developing the Intel XXI force to provide commanders with knowledge-based, prediction-oriented capabilities that can meet these demanding requirements. At the center of this concept are quality soldiers, leaders, and civilians. This force will provide commanders with a precise in time presentation of their battlespace that conveys an accurate understanding of the adversary, terrain, weather and operational environment. It will provide intelligence operators the resources and tools necessary to coordinate and synchronize intelligence operations in concert with supported military operations. It will equip the force with tailorable, multispectral collection capabilities to deal with the newest emerging capabilities and technologies. These capabilities and technologies will include: automatic target recognition, on-board sensor processing, artificial intelligence tools, a common operating environment, and distributed and shared databases. It will support operations on the move using broadcast and smart push and pull technologies. Finally Intel XXI will operate as an integral part of all operations, including information operations.

Conclusion

In summary, the intelligence force of the 21st century Intel XXI will have the design, equipment, and training to meet the demands of future operations and Force XXI commanders. It will be a flexible, tailorable, rapidly deployable, joint and coalition-capable force. It will be a force that can access, leverage, and integrate the complementary and unique specialized capabilities of the total intelligence force. The total intelligence force includes national agencies, the Army's Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM), strategic and operational units, active and reserve component tactical organizations,and joint and multinational forces.
Captain Wegner is currently a concepts action officer in Concepts Division, Directorate of Combat Developments, at the Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca. Readers can contact him at (520) 538-2257, or DSN 879-2257.

Doctrine Support to Force XXI

by Major Donald W. Cairns, USA (Retired)
To prepare for the 21st century, the U.S. Army is making a quantum leap in lethality, mobility, and responsiveness to meet any scenario ranging from peace through war and back to peace. Harnessing the power of information and technology will create an overwhelming force at the decisive moment and location. In this revolutionary process, doctrine takes on a whole new perspective in facilitating the warfighter's mission accomplishment.
The challenge is to develop doctrine and make it available at the same pace as the Army modernizes. As the Army focus transitions from systems to capabilities, operational concepts rather than threat doctrine must be readily available at the warfighter's fingertips and built into the decision making process. Doctrine needs to evolve as operational planning concepts evolve. The "how" and "what" of our Army has changed, but the "why" remains the same as it has been for over 200 years selfless service to the nation. We need to immediately address providing the doctrinal "how" and "what" and making it available at the same tempo as the warfighter's mission.

Integrating and Under- standing Intelligence

As Force XXI capitalizes on the information and technology age, it focuses on connectivity and force tailoring to satisfy warfighting requirements in any scenario. Despite the great success achieved in the last decade, the Army must rigorously assess organizational concepts if we are to achieve its full potential. As in the TV commercial in which the only word from the guest speaker was "Wausau," the military also has one main focus: "battle command." Battle command incorporates two vital components the ability to lead and the ability to decide. Both components demand skill, wisdom, experience, and courage always moral and often physical as well.
To make it work successfully, the Army developed the Battle Command Training Program (BCTP). If soldiers are to train as they fight, we must totally integrate the intelligence and electronic warfare (IEW) training program into the BCTP with supporting doctrine and the ability to have ready access at every echelon from the foxhole to the White House.
MI soldiers know IEW doctrine, but it does not stop there. An essential challenge is to provide combat arms commanders and their staffs with a working knowledge of intelligence doctrine. Commanders must understand intelligence if they are to drive it. Today commanders and their S3 or G3 need to be familiar with intelligence capabilities and understand IEW operations if they are to accurately visualize the enemy and orchestrate the battle plan.

Doctrine Must Keep Pace

As Force XXI and Intel XXI evolve, so must IEW doctrine. Our 34-series and selected 100-series field manuals and joint publications need to emerge at the same pace and maintain the same synergy. The IEW doctrine, properly focused, provides the direction to execute force projection operations. These manuals are designed to meet the needs of the combat commanders and their staff as well as provide techniques, tactics, and procedures for all soldiers executing IEW operations.
The first precept in new intelligence doctrine centers on warfighting capabilities. Warfighters must focus and drive the IEW system. The baseline doctrine identifies the five IEW force projection tenets:

Recipe for Implementing the Vision

The doctrine outlines the fundamentals of IEW operations and identifies the levels of intelligence and the measures of effectiveness. The baseline manuals will contain detail of collection management, synchronization planning, and intelligence analysis, all of which assure battlefield intelligence preparation. They explain how to assist the commander in developing priority intelligence requirements. Collectively, these manuals implement the vision of Force XXI and Intel XXI. They support the fielding of new IEW systems and the concepts of modern day warfighting. As the intelligence community reengineers, adds additional responsibilities, and develops new capabilities, the doctrine must be readily available, easy to reference, and totally understandable.
The 34-series manuals address doctrine from various perspectives. There are manuals that define and detail the IEW disciplines such as counterintelligence, human intelligence, imagery intelligence, and technical intelligence. Some manuals approach IEW by echelon, from armored cavalry regiment through theater Army. Other manuals address IEW by systems, such as the Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System or the unmanned aerial vehicles. Collectively, the IEW doctrine allows easy access and reference to any issue.

Doctrine's Challenges

Army doctrine requires the dynamics of an "Internet" system. No longer is it reasonable to assume a published field manual will stay current for the normal five-year cycle. To remain current and relevant, we must continually update doctrine based on the experiences and requirements of those using it. Doctrine must be readily accessible, easy to reference, and netted into the decisionmaking process. As the Army's mission and capabilities evolve into FORCE XXI and specifically Intel XXI, our doctrinal concepts, means, and methods must evolve to meet this challenge.
Mr. Cairns is currently an intelligence operations specialist at the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command Training and Doctrine Support Detachment, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. He has a bachelor of science degree in Business from the University of Nebraska. Readers can reach him at (520) 533-2318/19, DSN 821-2318/19, or PROFS/E-mail jonesj2%hua1 @huachuca-emh11.army.mil.