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Parti pour la liberation du peuple hutu (PALIPEHUTU) Forces nationales de liberation (FNL)

The Parti pour la liberation du peuple hutu (PALIPEHUTU) is the longest-established Hutu rebel group in Burundi. Its armed wing is the 'Forces nationales de liberation' (FNL). It regularly states its complete independence from ‘Conseil national pour la défense de la democratie (CNDD)/Forces pour la défense de la democratie (FDD)’. Regional rivalries also exist between the two groups, with many CNDD members coming from the southern Bururi region and PALIPEHUTU originating from the central Muramvya area. PALIPEHUTU, led by Cossan Kabura, has recently claimed successes in fighting around Bujumbura.

Affiliation to the rebel groups goes beyond ethnicity and tends to be founded on family and geography. PALIPHUTU and FROLINA are long-established rebel groups opposed to "Tutsi domination". Dating from the 1970s, they derive their support from the plain area along Lake Tanganyika and the central Muramvya region.

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