Index

September 15, 1996

ASD(SO/LIC)

SUBJECT: DoD Combating Terrorism Program

References:
(a) DoD Directive 0-2000.12, "DoD Combating Terrorism Program," August 27, 1990 (hereby canceled)

(b) U.S. Government Printing Office Number 040­000­00494­7, "Public Report of the Vice President's Task Force on Combating Terrorism," February 1986

(c) DoD 0-2000.12-H, "Protection of DoD Personnel and Activities Against Acts of Terrorism and Political Turbulence," February 1993, authorized by this Directive

(d) DoD 5025.1-M, "DoD Directives System Procedures," August 1994, authorized by DoD Directive 5025.1, June 24, 1994

(e) through (n), see enclosure 1

A. REISSUANCE AND PURPOSE

This Directive:

1. Reissues reference (a) to update DoD policies and responsibilities for implementing the DoD Combating Terrorism Program, pursuant to reference (b).

2. Assigns responsibilities for the protection of DoD personnel and their families, facilities, and other material resources from terrorist acts.

3. Continues to authorize the publication of reference (c), as the DoD standard for force protection against acts of terrorism, in accordance with reference (d).

4. Establishes the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as the principal advisor and focal point responsible to the Secretary of Defense for all Department of Defense force protection issues.

5. Expands the responsibilities of the Combatant Commanders to ensure the force protection of all Department of Defense activities in their geographic area of responsibility.

B. APPLICABILITY AND SCOPE

1. This Directive applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Departments, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant Commands, the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities (hereafter referred to collectively as " the DoD Components").

2. This Directive applies to all DoD personnel, both military and civilian, and their families, facilities, and other DoD material resources. Defense elements stationed overseas which are under the security control of the Department of State (DoS) pursuant to DoD Directive 5210.84 (reference (f)) shall comply with this Directive and reference (g) and shall also coordinate their AT programs with the responsible Chief of Mission. Specific guidance for this coordination is outlined in the DoD and DoS Memorandum of Understanding reference (g) and in enclosure 1 of reference (f).

3. Sensitive and compartmented programs for counterterrorism (CT) are addressed in relevant National Security Decision Directives, Presidential Decision Directives, National Security Directives, contingency plans, and other relevant classified documents.

4. Policy and guidance on the conduct of DoD personnel and their families seized by terrorists is contained in DoD Directive 1300.7 (reference (h)).

5. Nothing in this Directive shall detract from, nor be construed to conflict with, the authorities and responsibilities of the Combatant Commanders, or the inherent responsibility of designated military commanders to protect military installations, equipment, and personnel under their command.

C. DEFINITIONS

The terms used in this Directive are defined in enclosure 2.

D. POLICY

It is DoD Policy:

1. To protect DoD personnel and their families, facilities, and other material resources from terrorists acts.

2. That the DoD Handbook on "Protection of DoD Personnel and Activities against Acts of Terrorism and Political Turbulence" issued in February 1993 (reference (c)) is the standard that shall apply to all AT force protection efforts of the Department of Defense. In applying this standard, commanders and managers must take account of the mission, the threat, and specific circumstances, all of which may require higher levels of force protection or which may justify deviations from the standard. Attention shall be given to:

a. Additional guidance contained in DoD 5200.8-R (reference (i)), and MIL-Handbook 1013/1, "Design Guidelines for Physical Security."

b. The physical security of all DoD activities both overseas and in Continental United States.

c. Elevating the awareness of DoD personnel and their families to the general terrorist threat, the terrorist threat in their areas (including temporary duty and/or temporary active duty and leave areas), and personal protection measures that can reduce personal vulnerability.

d. Informing DoD personnel and their family members traveling to, or through, DoD­designated high or potential physical threat countries of DoD travel security policy contained in DoD 0-2000.12-H (reference (c)), and disseminating Federal Aviation Administration terrorist threat information as widely as U.S. Government policies permit.

e. Providing appropriate public affairs guidance on DoD Combating Terrorism efforts in applicable DoD Component directives.

f. Making AT resident training available to high­risk and other personnel, as identified by appropriate authority (e.g., the Combatant Commander (CINC), the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), Service, etc.), who are assessed to be acutely vulnerable to terrorist attack or require specialized instructions in support of their duty assignment (i.e., unit AT program coordinators, AT staff officers, unit security officers etc.). Resident training is intended to provide more intensive, specialized instruction than that offered in general AT awareness programs. Resident training requirements, based on the terrorist threat, shall be recommended by appropriate authority to the Services.

E. RESPONSIBILITIES

1. The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict shall:

a. Monitor with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and other DoD Components the programs to reduce the vulnerability of DoD personnel and their families, facilities, and other DoD material resources to terrorist attack.

b. Ensure compliance with this Directive by all DoD activities reporting directly to the Secretary of Defense.

c. Provide the OSD representative to the Policy Coordinating Committee on Counterterrorism (PCC/CT) and an observer to the Overseas Security Policy Group (OSPG).

d. Provide a chairperson for the DoD AT Coordinating Committee, and membership to subcommittees, as required.

e. Provide policy oversight and guidance to the DoD Components in support of respective AT efforts.

f. Develop, publish, and maintain DoD 0­2000.12­H (reference (c)), consistent with DoD 5025.1­M (reference (d)), to provide guidance on protective measures that serve to reduce the vulnerability of DoD personnel and their families to terrorist acts.

g. Identify DoD­designated high and potential physical threat countries, in support of DoD travel security policy and issue the "Travel Security Advisory (TSA)" message, in coordination with the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs) (ASD(ISA)), and the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Policy) (ASD(ISP)), as appropriate.

h. Conduct the Worldwide AT Conference, as required.

i. Act as point of contact within the Department of Defense for matters relating to the sharing of data and information on AT and the threat posed by domestic and foreign terrorists to the Department of Defense.

j. Coordinate DoD Combating Terrorism Program issues before the DoD Physical Security Review Board, the DoD Physical Security Equipment Steering Group, and other relevant security boards and committees.

k. Coordinate with the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology) on AT technology development and the application of new technology to meet force protection needs.

2. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall:

a. Serve as the principal advisor to the Secretary of Defense for all DoD AT force protection issues.

b. Prepare joint doctrines and standards for AT force protection. Review service doctrines and standards. Review and coordinate on behalf of the Secretary of Defense force protection programs, including physical security and training, for all DoD personnel and their family members.

c. Direct the Joint Requirement Oversight Council (JROC) to address force protection requirements. Prepare an annual report for the Secretary of Defense summarizing the force protection requirements determined by the JROC and included in the CINC-Integrated Priority Lists.

d. Assess AT force protection as an element of any force deployment decision. Periodically reassess AT force protection of deployed forces.

e. Ensure that Combatant Commanders' policies and programs are established for the protection of DoD personnel, their families, facilities, and other material DoD resources in compliance with this Directive and in accordance with the standard of reference (c).

f. Annually, as part of the budget cycle, review the adequacy of resources proposed by the Services to determine whether they comply with this Directive. Advise the Secretary of Defense of any changes that are needed to meet force protection requirements.

g. Assess the implementation of force protection programs within the Combatant Commanders areas of responsibility (AOR).

h. In coordination with the Service Secretaries, the Assistant Secretary of Defense (FMP), and the Combatant Commanders, address force protection and AT considerations and recommend appropriate tour lengths. Determine whether restrictions should be placed on accompanying family members for personnel assigned to overseas activities.

i. Review the impact of this Directive on the Unified Command Plan, issued by the President, and the Secretary's "Forces For Unified Commands" Memorandum (current edition). Recommend revisions to these plans or this Directive as required.

j. Ensure that THREATCONs are uniformly implemented and disseminated as specified by this Directive and DoD 2000.12-H (reference (c)).

k. Provide a representative to the PCC/CT, the DoD AT Coordinating Committee, a representative to the DoD Worldwide AT Conference, and an observer to the OSPG.

3. The Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) shall:

a. Identify force protection funds within budget submissions and execution;

b. Provide information to DoD components on how to identify force protection funds within budget submissions and executions; and,

c. Provide reports on force protection funds as requested by the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

4. The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology shall:

a. Provide a member to the DoD AT Coordinating Committee (and subcommittees as required), and a representative to the DoD worldwide AT Conference.

b. Ensure the DFAR (reference (j)) is revised to address the AT security requirements of DoD contractor personnel.

c. Be the DoD official responsible for AT technology development and expedite the application of new technology to meet force protection needs. Attention will be given to fielding advanced contraband detection systems.

5. The Under Secretary of Defense for Policy shall:

a. Ensure that the Deputy to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Support provides an observer to the OSPG.

b. Provide appropriate members to the DoD AT Coordinating Committee (and subcommittees as required), OSPG and to the DoD Worldwide AT Conference.

c. Ensure that the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Special Operations, Low-Intensity Conflict is supported in issuing the TSA message.

6. The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Management Policy, under the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, shall:

a. Establish an AT program for the Department of Defense Dependents Schools System.

b. Provide a member to the DoD AT Coordinating Committee (and subcommittees as required), and a representative to the DoD Worldwide AT conference.

c. In coordination with Service Secretaries and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, address force protection and AT considerations in establishing tour lengths and determine whether restrictions should be placed on accompanying family members for personnel assigned to overseas activities.

7. The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence shall:

a. Provide physical security programs, counterintelligence, general program and budget policy support to the DoD Combating Terrorism and DoD Foreign Counterintelligence Programs.

b. Review the intelligence and counterintelligence support provided under this Directive for compliance with DoD Directive 5240.1 and DoD 5240.1­R (references (k) and (l)).

c. Ensure the Director, Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA):

(1) Provides prompt dissemination of intelligence information on terrorist threats, including specific warning of threats against DoD personnel and their family members, facilities, and other DoD material resources, in accordance with DoD Directive 5240.1, DoD 5240.1­R, and DoD Directive 5240.6 (references (k), (l), and (m)). The DIA is the focal point within the Department of Defense for data and information pertaining to domestic and foreign terrorist threats to DoD personnel.

(2) Operates a 24-hour terrorism Intelligence and Warning watch in the National Military Joint Intelligence Center. Provides prompt dissemination on terrorist threat.

(3) Represents the Department of Defense in the National Intelligence Terrorism Warning process.

(4) Maintains a terrorism database, which includes information on group capabilities, facilities, incidents, biographies, and foreign counter terrorism policies and response act capabilities.

(5) Assesses the terrorist threat worldwide and ensures dissemination to DoD elements, and produces daily terrorist threat awareness report(s).

(6) Provides security vulnerability assessments for Defense Attaché Office personnel overseas on a routine and emergency basis.

(7) Provides a member to the DoD AT Coordinating Committee and subcommittees, as required, and a representative to the DoD Worldwide AT Conference.

(8) Functions as the Executive Agency for the DoS and DoD Security Review.

(9) Provides the DoD member to the OSPG.

(10) Utilizing DoD 2000.12-H (reference (c)) institutes and resources an AT program designed to raise the awareness of overseas DIA personnel and their families to the terrorist threat and to measures to reduce personal vulnerability.

(11) In coordination with the cognizant CINC and DoS personnel, ensures that reference (c) is utilized to plan and execute AT force protection for all DIA activities, which:

(a) Is appropriate to the nature and severity of the local terrorist threat, the mission of the activity, and other local conditions.

(b) Addresses DIA personnel and residential, vehicular, and office security, particularly in response to threats of bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations.

(12) Makes DIA personnel aware of DoD travel security policy and required actions for traveler enroute to, or through, DoD­designated high potential physical threat countries.

(13) Provides resident training to personnel assigned to high­risk billets and to others, as recommended by appropriate authority to the Military Services.

d. Establishes policy governing incorporation of AT protective features in DoD construction projects.

e. Provides appropriate members to the DoD AT Coordinating Committee (and subcommittees as required), OSPG and to the DoD Worldwide AT Conference.

8. The Secretaries of the Military Departments shall:

a. Provide prompt dissemination of intelligence information on terrorist threats, including specific warning of threats against DoD personnel and their family members, facilities, and other DoD material resources, in accordance with DoD Directive 5240.1, DoD 5240.1­R, and DoD Directive 5240.6 (references (k), (l), and (m)).

b. Institute Combating Terrorism programs and, after review by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, support them with adequate programming, planning, and funding.

c. Institute AT Awareness programs designed to raise the awareness of service personnel and their family members to the general terrorist threat, and to measures that can be taken to reduce personal vulnerability.

d. In coordination with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Assistant Secretary of Defense (FMP), address force protection and AT considerations in recommending tour lengths and determine whether restrictions should be placed on accompanying family members for personnel assigned to overseas activities.

e. Provide resident training to personnel assigned to high­risk billets and others, as appropriate.

f. Ensure the training of commanders on an integrated systems approach to physical security and force protection technology.

g. Ensure that training on an integrated systems approach for force protection technology is included in planning for the acquisition of new facilities, AT systems, and equipment.

h. Ensure that all Service installations and activities utilize DoD 0-2000.12-H (reference (c)) to develop, maintain, and implement force protection efforts that familiarize personnel with DoD AT procedures, guidance, and instructions.

i. Identify to the Secretary of Defense, with an information copy to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the resources required to implement and maintain AT force protection for the Service. The Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) (USD(C)) will provide information on how to identify force protection funds within budget submissions and execution and provide ongoing funding and programming support.

j. Ensure that Service personnel and their families are informed of and understand DoD travel security policy and required actions for travelers enroute to, or through, DoD­designated high or potential physical threat countries.

k. Establish military construction programming policies to ensure that AT protective features for facilities and installations are included in the planning, design, and execution of military and minor construction projects.

l. Ensure that existing physical security, base defense, and law enforcement programs address terrorism as a potential threat to Service personnel and their families, facilities, and other DoD material resources.

m. Provide a Military Service representative as a member to the DoD AT Coordinating Committee (and subcommittees as required), and a representative to the DoD Worldwide AT Conference.

n. Ensure that a capability exists to collect, receive, and evaluate, from a Service perspective, and disseminate all relevant data on terrorist activities, trends, and indicators of imminent attack.

9. The Commanders of the Combatant Commands with geographical responsibilities shall:

a. Review the AT force protection status of all military activities, including DoD contracting activities, within their geographic area of responsibility. This review may be conducted by Service component commands or other subordinate commands reporting to the CINC. However, it is emphasized that the CINC is responsible to ensure that all military activities within his AOR are examined against the standard of DoD 0-2000.12-H (reference (c)) and a report made to him. This review shall be conducted and a report made to the CINC regardless of the actual chain of command of these activities.

b. Identify to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, responsible Service, and cognizant chain of command any military activity that does not meet the force protection standards required in this Directive. Further, submit a quarterly report listing these deficient activities to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the responsible Service Secretary until the military activity in question is assessed as satisfactory.

c. Identify the resources necessary to achieve AT force protection for each activity under the CINC's combatant command or for which the CINC otherwise has force protection responsibility. These resources will be identified in such a way as to permit their identification as AT force protection resource requirements. The USD(C) shall provide additional guidance on the methodology for this process.

d. Assess the command relationships for each subordinate command to ensure adequate protection from terrorist attack. For Joint Task Forces, report to the Secretary of Defense via the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff any decisions to vest operational control for force protection matters outside the Joint Task Force Commander, and detail the reasons for this decision. Periodically, as directed by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, reassess the appropriateness of command relationships of existing JTFs to ensure maximum AT force protection status.

e. On a periodic basis assess the AT force protection of all non-combatant military activities, (such as Attaches, and Security Assistance Organizations) within the CINC's AOR, whose security is provided by the Department of State. Provide a recommendation to the Secretary of Defense, through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on whether force protection responsibility should be assigned to the CINC.

f. Identify specific area pre-deployment training requirements that all units and individuals must receive prior to arrival in theater.

g. Using the standard of reference (c), establish command policies and programs for the protection of DoD personnel and their families, facilities, and other DoD material resources from terrorist acts.

h. Assess the terrorist threat for the theater according to this Directive, and provide a copy of the threat assessment to the Military Services. On the basis of the threat assessment, identify and recommend to appropriate authority those incumbents of high­risk billets and spouses requiring resident training.

i. Keep subordinate commanders and chiefs of mission informed of the nature and degree of the local threat. Ensure that commanders are prepared to respond to threat changes.

j. Consistent with references (f) and (g) ensure that AT countermeasures are being coordinated with host-country agencies at all levels.

k. Assist any DoD element, within their geographic regions, in implementing programs developed under this Directive.

l. Ensure that THREATCONs are uniformly implemented and disseminated as specified by this Directive and DoD 2000.12-H (reference (c)).

m. Serve as the DoD point of contact with U.S. Embassies and host-nation officials on matters involving AT policies and measures.

n. Provide a representative to the DoD AT Coordinating Committee and subcommittees, as required, and to the DoD Worldwide AT Conference.

10. The Directors of other Defense Agencies and Field Activities, OSD Principal Staff Assistants and those that report directly to the Secretary or Deputy Secretary of Defense, shall:

a. Utilize reference (c) for AT force protection planning and execution for their headquarters and all activities under their cognizance. Consider mission, characteristics of the activity, geographic location and threat condition.

b. Institute an AT awareness program to orient all personnel under their cognizance on the general terrorist threat and the personal protection measures that could reduce their individual vulnerability to acts of terrorism in accordance with DoD Directive 5240.6 (reference (m)). The program should also inform travelers who are enroute to, or traveling through, DoD-designated high or potential security threat countries of the provisions and requirements of DoD travel security policy.

c. Provide a member to the DoD AT Coordinating Committee (and subcommittees as required), and a representative to the DoD Worldwide AT Conference.

d. Identify to the Secretary of Defense, with an information copy to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the resources required to implement and maintain AT force protection for their respective offices and personnel. The USD(C) shall provide information on how to identify force protection funds within budget submissions and execution and provide ongoing funding and programming support.

F. EFFECTIVE DATE

This Directive is effective immediately.

Enclosures - 2

1. References

2. Definitions

(e) Public Law 99­399, "Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986," August 27,1986, as amended.

(f) DoD Directive 5210.84, "Security of DoD Personel at U.S. Missions abroad," enclosure 1, "Memorandum of Understanding between DoD and DOS on Overseas Security Support," January 22, 1992

(g) Department of Defense and Department of State Memorandum of Understanding on Force Protection, September 15, 1996

(h) DoD Directive 1300.7, "Training and Education Measures Necessary to Support the Code of Conduct," December 23, 1988

(i) DoD 5200.8-R, "Department of Defense Physical Security Program," May 13, 1991

(j) Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation, current edition

(k) DoD Directive 5240.1, "DoD Intelligence Activities," April 25, 1988

(l) DoD 5240.1­R, "Procedures Governing the Activities of DoD Intelligence Components That Affect United States Persons," December 1982, authorized by DoD Directive 5240.1, April 25, 1988

(m) DoD Directive 5240.6, "Counterintelligence Awareness and Briefing Program," February 26, 1986

(n) Section 1072(2) of title 10, United States Code

1. Antiterrorism (AT). Force Protection Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts, to include limited response and containment by local military forces.

2. AT Awareness. Fundamental knowledge of the terrorist threat and measures to reduce personal vulnerability to terrorist acts.

3. AT Resident Training. Formal classroom instruction in designated DoD courses that provide specialized instruction on specific combating terrorism topics; i.e., personal protection, terrorism analysis, regional interest, and AT planning.

4. Combating Terrorism. Actions, including AT and CT, taken to oppose terrorism throughout the entire threat spectrum.

5. Counterterrorism (CT). Offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism.

6. DoD­Designated High Physical Threat Countries. Countries determined to be of significant terrorist threat to DoD travelers, as designated by the ASD(SO/LIC), in coordination with the ASD(ISA), the ASD(ISP), and the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Strategy and Requirements (DUSD(S&R).

7. DoD­Designated Potential Physical Threat Countries. Countries determined to be of potential terrorist threat to DoD travelers, as designated by the ASD(SO/LIC), in coordination with the ASD(ISA), the ASD(ISP), and the DUSD(S&R).

8. Domestic Terrorism. Terrorism perpetrated by the citizens of one country against fellow countrymen. That includes acts against citizens of a second country when they are in the host country, and not the principal or intended target.

9. Family Member. "Dependent," as defined in 10 U.S.C. (reference (n)) (spouse; unmarried widow; unmarried widower; unmarried legitimate child, including adopted child or stepchild (under 21, incapable of self support or under 23 and enrolled in a full­time institution).

10. High­Risk Billet. Authorized personnel billet (identified and recommended by appropriate authority) that because of grade, assignment, travel itinerary, or symbolic value may make a person filling it an especially attractive or accessible terrorist target.

11. High­Risk Personnel. U.S. personnel and their family members whose grade, assignment, travel itinerary, or symbolic value may make them an especially attractive or accessible terrorist targets.

12. High­Risk Target. Any U.S. material resource or facility, because of mission sensitivity, ease of access, isolation, and symbolic value may be an especially attractive or accessible terrorist target.

13. International (or Transnational) Terrorism. Terrorism in which planning and execution of the terrorist act transcends national boundaries. In defining international terrorism, the purpose of the act, the nationalities of the victims, or the resolution of the incident are considered. Those acts are usually planned to attract widespread publicity and are designed to focus attention on the existence, cause, or demands of the terrorists.

14. Military Services. Includes the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and the Coast Guard, under agreement with the Department of Transportation when it is not operating as a Military Service in the Navy.

15. Non­State Supported Terrorism. Terrorist groups that operate autonomously, receiving no significant support from any government.

16. State­Directed Terrorism. Terrorist groups that operate as agents of a government, receiving substantial intelligence, logistical, and operational support from the sponsoring government.

17. State­Supported Terrorism. Terrorist groups that generally operate independently, but receive support from one or more governments.

18. Terrorism. The calculated use of violence or threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.

19. Terrorist Threat Condition (THREATCON) System. (See appendix BB of DoD 0-2000.12-H (reference (c).