[Executive Orders]
NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION
EO 12356
2 April 1982
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Preamble
Part 1. Original Classification
Sec.
1.1 Classification Levels
1.2 Classification Authority
1.3 Classification Categories
1.4 Duration of Classification
1.5 Identification and Markings
1.6 Limitations on Classification
Part 2. Derivative Classification
2.1 Use of Derivative Classification
2.2 Classification Guides
Part 3. Declassification and
Downgrading
3.1 Declassification Authority
3.2 Transferred Information
3.3 Systematic Review for
Declassification
3.4 Mandatory Review for
Declassification
Part 4. Safeguarding
4.1 General Restrictions on Access
4.2 Special Access Programs
4.3 Access by Historical Researchers
and Former Presidential
Appointees
Part 5. Implementation and Review
5.1 Policy Direction
5.2 Information Security Oversight
Office
5.3 General Responsibilities
5.4 Sanctions
Part 6. General Provisions
6.1 Definitions
6.2 General
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This Order prescribes a uniform system for classifying,
declassifying, and safeguarding national security information. It
recognizes that it is essential that the public be informed
concerning the activities of its Government, but that the interests
of the United States and its citizens require that certain
information concerning the national defense and foreign relations
be protected against unauthorized disclosure. Information may not
be classified under this Order unless its disclosure reasonably
could be expected to cause damage to the national security.
NOW, by the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and laws of the United States of America, it is hereby
ordered as follows:
PART 1 - ORIGINAL CLASSIFICATION
SECTION 1.1 CLASSIFICATION LEVELS
(a) National security information (hereinafter ''classified
information'') shall be classified at one of the following three
levels:
(1) ''Top Secret'' shall be applied to information, the
unauthorized disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to
cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security.
(2) ''Secret'' shall be applied to information, the unauthorized
disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause serious
damage to the national security.
(3) ''Confidential'' shall be applied to information, the
unauthorized disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to
cause damage to the national security.
(b) Except as otherwise provided by statute, no other terms shall
be used to identify classified information.
(c) If there is reasonable doubt about the need to classify
information, it shall be safeguarded as if it were classified
pending a determination by an original classification authority,
who shall make this determination within thirty (30) days. If
there is reasonable doubt about the appropriate level of
classification, it shall be safeguarded at the higher level of
classification pending a determination by an original
classification authority, who shall make this determination within
thirty (30) days.
SEC. 1.2 CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY
(a) Top Secret. The authority to classify information originally
as Top Secret may be exercised only by:
(1) the President;
(2) agency heads and officials designated by the President in the
Federal Register; and
(3) officials delegated this authority pursuant to Section
1.2(d).
(b) Secret. The authority to classify information originally as
Secret may be exercised only by:
(1) agency heads and officials designated by the President in the
Federal Register;
(2) officials with original Top Secret classification authority;
and
(3) officials delegated such authority pursuant to Section
1.2(d).
(c) Confidential. The authority to classify information
originally as Confidential may be exercised only by:
(1) agency heads and officials designated by the President in the
Federal Register;
(2) officials with original Top Secret or Secret classification
authority; and
(3) officials delegated such authority pursuant to Section
1.2(d).
(d) Delegation of Original Classification Authority.
(1) Delegations of original classification authority shall be
limited to the minimum required to administer this Order. Agency
heads are responsible for ensuring that designated subordinate
officials have a demonstrable and continuing need to exercise this
authority.
(2) Original Top Secret classification authority may be delegated
only by the President; an agency head or official designated
pursuant to Section 1.2(a)(2); and the senior official designated
under Section 5.3(a), provided that official has been delegated
original Top Secret classification authority by the agency head.
(3) Original Secret classification authority may be delegated
only by the President; an agency head or official designated
pursuant to Sections 1.2(a)(2) and 1.2(b)(1); an official with
original Top Secret classification authority; and the senior
official designated under Section 5.3(a), provided that official
has been delegated original Secret classification authority by the
agency head.
(4) Original Confidential classification authority may be
delegated only by the President; an agency head or official
designated pursuant to Sections 1.2(a)(2), 1.2(b)(1) and 1.2(c)(1);
an official with original Top Secret classification authority; and
the senior official designated under Section 5.3(a), provided that
official has been delegated original classification authority by
the agency head.
(5) Each delegation of original classification authority shall be
in writing and the authority shall not be redelegated except as
provided in this Order. It shall identify the official delegated
the authority by name or position title. Delegated classification
authority includes the authority to classify information at the
level granted and lower levels of classification.
(e) Exceptional Cases. When an employee, contractor, licensee, or
grantee of an agency that does not have original classification
authority originates information believed by that person to require
classification, the information shall be protected in a manner
consistent with this Order and its implementing directives. The
information shall be transmitted promptly as provided under this
Order or its implementing directives to the agency that has
appropriate subject matter interest and classification authority
with respect to this information. That agency shall decide within
thirty (30) days whether to classify this information. If it is
not clear which agency has classification responsibility for this
information, it shall be sent to the Director of the Information
Security Oversight Office. The Director shall determine the agency
having primary subject matter interest and forward the information,
with appropriate recommendations, to that agency for a
classification determination.
SEC. 1.3 CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIES
(a) Information shall be considered for classification if it
concerns:
(1) military plans, weapons, or operations;
(2) the vulnerabilities or capabilities of systems,
installations, projects, or plans relating to the national
security;
(3) foreign government information;
(4) intelligence activities (including special activities), or
intelligence sources or methods;
(5) foreign relations or foreign activities of the United States;
(6) scientific, technological, or economic matters relating to
the national security;
(7) United States Government programs for safeguarding nuclear
materials or facilities;
(8) cryptology;
(9) a confidential source; or
(10) other categories of information that are related to the
national security and that require protection against unauthorized
disclosure as determined by the President or by agency heads or
other officials who have been delegated original classification
authority by the President. Any determination made under this
subsection shall be reported promptly to the Director of the
Information Security Oversight Office.
(b) Information that is determined to concern one or more of the
categories in Section 1.3(a) shall be classified when an original
classification authority also determines that its unauthorized
disclosure, either by itself or in the context of other
information, reasonably could be expected to cause damage to the
national security.
(c) Unauthorized disclosure of foreign government information,
the identity of a confidential foreign source, or intelligence
sources or methods is presumed to cause damage to the national
security.
(d) Information classified in accordance with Section 1.3 shall
not be declassified automatically as a result of any unofficial
publication or inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure in the United
States or abroad of identical or similar information.
SEC. 1.4 DURATION OF CLASSIFICATION
(a) Information shall be classified as long as required by
national security considerations. When it can be determined, a
specific date or event for declassification shall be set by the
original classification authority at the time the information is
originally classified.
(b) Automatic declassification determinations under predecessor
orders shall remain valid unless the classification is extended by
an authorized official of the originating agency. These extensions
may be by individual documents or categories of information. The
agency shall be responsible for notifying holders of the
information of such extensions.
(c) Information classified under predecessor orders and marked
for declassification review shall remain classified until reviewed
for declassification under the provisions of this Order.
SEC. 1.5 IDENTIFICATION AND MARKINGS
(a) At the time of original classification, the following
information shall be shown on the face of all classified documents,
or clearly associated with other forms of classified information in
a manner appropriate to the medium involved, unless this
information itself would reveal a confidential source or
relationship not otherwise evident in the document or information:
(1) one of the three classification levels defined in Section 1.1;
(2) the identity of the original classification authority if
other than the person whose name appears as the approving or
signing official;
(3) the agency and office of origin; and
(4) the date or event for declassification, or the notation
''Originating Agency's Determination Required.''
(b) Each classified document shall, by marking or other means,
indicate which portions are classified, with the applicable
classification level, and which portions are not classified.
Agency heads may, for good cause, grant and revoke waivers of this
requirement for specified classes of documents or information. The
Director of the Information Security Oversight Office shall be
notified of any waivers.
(c) Marking designations implementing the provisions of this
Order, including abbreviations, shall conform to the standards
prescribed in implementing directives issued by the Information
Security Oversight Office.
(d) Foreign government information shall either retain its
original classification or be assigned a United States
classification that shall ensure a degree of protection at least
equivalent to that required by the entity that furnished the
information.
(e) Information assigned a level of classification under
predecessor orders shall be considered as classified at that level
of classification despite the omission of other required markings.
Omitted markings may be inserted on a document by the officials
specified in Section 3.1(b).
SEC. 1.6 LIMITATIONS ON CLASSIFICATION
(a) In no case shall information be classified in order to
conceal violations of law, inefficiency, or administrative error;
to prevent embarrassment to a person, organization, or agency; to
restrain competition; or to prevent or delay the release of
information that does not require protection in the interest of
national security.
(b) Basic scientific research information not clearly related to
the national security may not be classified.
(c) The President or an agency head or official designated under
Sections 1.2(a)(2), 1.2(b)(1), or 1.2(c)(1) may reclassify
information previously declassified and disclosed if it is
determined in writing that (1) the information requires protection
in the interest of national security; and (2) the information may
reasonably be recovered. These reclassification actions shall be
reported promptly to the Director of the Information Security
Oversight Office.
(d) Information may be classified or reclassified after an agency
has received a request for it under the Freedom of Information Act
(5 U.S.C. 552) or the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a), or the
mandatory review provisions of this Order (Section 3.4) if such
classification meets the requirements of this Order and is
accomplished personally and on a document-by-document basis by the
agency head, the deputy agency head, the senior agency official
designated under Section 5.3(a), or an official with original Top
Secret classification authority.
PART 2 - DERIVATIVE CLASSIFICATION
SEC. 2.1 USE OF DERIVATIVE CLASSIFICATION
(a) Derivative classification is (1) the determination that
information is in substance the same as information currently
classified, and (2) the application of the same classification
markings. Persons who only reproduce, extract, or summarize
classified information, or who only apply classification markings
derived from source material or as directed by a classification
guide, need not possess original classification authority.
(b) Persons who apply derivative classification markings shall:
(1) observe and respect original classification decisions; and
(2) carry forward to any newly created documents any assigned
authorized markings. The declassification date or event that
provides the longest period of classification shall be used for
documents classified on the basis of multiple sources.
SEC. 2.2 CLASSIFICATION GUIDES
(a) Agencies with original classification authority shall prepare
classification guides to facilitate the proper and uniform
derivative classification of information.
(b) Each guide shall be approved personally and in writing by an
official who:
(1) has program or supervisory responsibility over the
information or is the senior agency official designated under
Section 5.3(a); and
(2) is authorized to classify information originally at the
highest level of classification prescribed in the guide.
(c) Agency heads may, for good cause, grant and revoke waivers of
the requirement to prepare classification guides for specified
classes of documents or information. The Director of the
Information Security Oversight Office shall be notified of any
waivers.
PART 3 - DECLASSIFICATION AND DOWNGRADING
SEC. 3.1 DECLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY
(a) Information shall be declassified or downgraded as soon as
national security considerations permit. Agencies shall coordinate
their review of classified information with other agencies that
have a direct interest in the subject matter. Information that
continues to meet the classification requirements prescribed by
Section 1.3 despite the passage of time will continue to be
protected in accordance with this Order.
(b) Information shall be declassified or downgraded by the
official who authorized the original classification, if that
official is still serving in the same position; the originator's
successor; a supervisory official of either; or officials delegated
such authority in writing by the agency head or the senior agency
official designated pursuant to Section 5.3(a).
(c) If the Director of the Information Security Oversight Office
determines that information is classified in violation of this
Order, the Director may require the information to be declassified
by the agency that originated the classification. Any such
decision by the Director may be appealed to the National Security
Council. The information shall remain classified, pending a prompt
decision on the appeal.
(d) The provisions of this Section shall also apply to agencies
that, under the terms of this Order, do not have original
classification authority, but that had such authority under
predecessor orders.
SEC. 3.2 TRANSFERRED INFORMATION
(a) In the case of classified information transferred in
conjunction with a transfer of functions, and not merely for
storage purposes, the receiving agency shall be deemed to be the
originating agency for purposes of this Order.
(b) In the case of classified information that is not officially
transferred as described in Section 3.2(a), but that originated in
an agency that has ceased to exist and for which there is no
successor agency, each agency in possession of such information
shall be deemed to be the originating agency for purposes of this
Order. Such information may be declassified or downgraded by the
agency in possession after consultation with any other agency that
has an interest in the subject matter of the information.
(c) Classified information accessioned into the National Archives
of the United States shall be declassified or downgraded by the
Archivist of the United States in accordance with this Order, the
directives of the Information Security Oversight Office, and agency
guidelines.
SEC. 3.3 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FOR DECLASSIFICATION
(a) The Archivist of the United States shall, in accordance with
procedures and timeframes prescribed in the Information Security
Oversight Office's directives implementing this Order,
systematically review for declassification or downgrading (1)
classified records accessioned into the National Archives of the
United States, and (2) classified presidential papers or records
under the Archivist's control. Such information shall be reviewed
by the Archivist for declassification or downgrading in accordance
with systematic review guidelines that shall be provided by the
head of the agency that originated the information, or in the case
of foreign government information, by the Director of the
Information Security Oversight Office in consultation with
interested agency heads.
(b) Agency heads may conduct internal systematic review programs
for classified information originated by their agencies contained
in records determined by the Archivist to be permanently valuable
but that have not been accessioned into the National Archives of
the United States.
(c) After consultation with affected agencies, the Secretary of
Defense may establish special procedures for systematic review for
declassification of classified cryptologic information, and the
Director of Central Intelligence may establish special procedures
for systematic review for declassification of classified
information pertaining to intelligence activities (including
special activities), or intelligence sources or methods.
SEC. 3.4 MANDATORY REVIEW FOR DECLASSIFICATION
(a) Except as provided in Section 3.4(b), all information
classified under this Order or predecessor orders shall be subject
to a review for declassification by the originating agency, if:
(1) the request is made by a United States citizen or permanent
resident alien, a federal agency, or a State or local government;
and
(2) the request describes the document or material containing the
information with sufficient specificity to enable the agency to
locate it with a reasonable amount of effort.
(b) Information originated by a President, the White House Staff,
by committees, commissions, or boards appointed by the President,
or others specifically providing advice and counsel to a President
or acting on behalf of a President is exempted from the provisions
of Section 3.4(a). The Archivist of the United States shall have
the authority to review, downgrade and declassify information under
the control of the Administrator of General Services or the
Archivist pursuant to sections 2107, 2107 note, or 2203 of title
44, United States Code. Review procedures developed by the
Archivist shall provide for consultation with agencies having
primary subject matter interest and shall be consistent with the
provisions of applicable laws or lawful agreements that pertain to
the respective presidential papers or records. Any decision by the
Archivist may be appealed to the Director of the Information
Security Oversight Office. Agencies with primary subject matter
interest shall be notified promptly of the Director's decision on
such appeals and may further appeal to the National Security
Council. The information shall remain classified pending a prompt
decision on the appeal.
(c) Agencies conducting a mandatory review for declassification
shall declassify information no longer requiring protection under
this Order. They shall release this information unless withholding
is otherwise authorized under applicable law.
(d) Agency heads shall develop procedures to process requests for
the mandatory review of classified information. These procedures
shall apply to information classified under this or predecessor
orders. They shall also provide a means for administratively
appealing a denial of a mandatory review request.
(e) The Secretary of Defense shall develop special procedures for
the review of cryptologic information, and the Director of Central
Intelligence shall develop special procedures for the review of
information pertaining to intelligence activities (including
special activities), or intelligence sources or methods, after
consultation with affected agencies. The Archivist shall develop
special procedures for the review of information accessioned into
the National Archives of the United States.
(f) In response to a request for information under the Freedom of
Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552), the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C.
552a), or the mandatory review provisions of this Order:
(1) An agency shall refuse to confirm or deny the existence or
non-existence of requested information whenever the fact of its
existence or non-existence is itself classifiable under this Order.
(2) When an agency receives any request for documents in its
custody that were classified by another agency, it shall refer
copies of the request and the requested documents to the
originating agency for processing, and may, after consultation with
the originating agency, inform the requester of the referral. In
cases in which the originating agency determines in writing that a
response under Section 3.4(f)(1) is required, the referring agency
shall respond to the requester in accordance with that Section.
PART 4 - SAFEGUARDING
SEC. 4.1 GENERAL RESTRICTIONS ON ACCESS
(a) A person is eligible for access to classified information
provided that a determination of trustworthiness has been made by
agency heads or designated officials and provided that such access
is essential to the accomplishment of lawful and authorized
Government purposes.
(b) Controls shall be established by each agency to ensure that
classified information is used, processed, stored, reproduced,
transmitted, and destroyed only under conditions that will provide
adequate protection and prevent access by unauthorized persons.
(c) Classified information shall not be disseminated outside the
executive branch except under conditions that ensure that the
information will be given protection equivalent to that afforded
within the executive branch.
(d) Except as provided by directives issued by the President
through the National Security Council, classified information
originating in one agency may not be disseminated outside any other
agency to which it has been made available without the consent of
the originating agency. For purposes of this Section, the
Department of Defense shall be considered one agency.
SEC. 4.2 SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAMS
(a) Agency heads designated pursuant to Section 1.2(a) may create
special access programs to control access, distribution, and
protection of particularly sensitive information classified
pursuant to this Order or predecessor orders. Such programs may be
created or continued only at the written direction of these agency
heads. For special access programs pertaining to intelligence
activities (including special activities but not including military
operational, strategic and tactical programs), or intelligence
sources or methods, this function will be exercised by the Director
of Central Intelligence.
(b) Each agency head shall establish and maintain a system of
accounting for special access programs. The Director of the
Information Security Oversight Office, consistent with the
provisions of Section 5.2(b)(4), shall have nondelegable access to
all such accountings.
SEC. 4.3 ACCESS BY HISTORICAL RESEARCHERS AND FORMER PRESIDENTIAL
APPOINTEES
(a) The requirement in Section 4.1(a) that access to classified
information may be granted only as is essential to the
accomplishment of authorized and lawful Government purposes may be
waived as provided in Section 4.3(b) for persons who:
(1) are engaged in historical research projects, or
(2) previously have occupied policy-making positions to which
they were appointed by the President.
(b) Waivers under Section 4.3(a) may be granted only if the
originating agency:
(1) determines in writing that access is consistent with the
interest of national security;
(2) takes appropriate steps to protect classified information
from unauthorized disclosure or compromise, and ensures that the
information is safeguarded in a manner consistent with this Order;
and
(3) limits the access granted to former presidential appointees
to items that the person originated, reviewed, signed, or received
while serving as a presidential appointee.
PART 5 - IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW
SEC. 5.1 POLICY DIRECTION
(a) The National Security Council shall provide overall policy
direction for the information security program.
(b) The Administrator of General Services shall be responsible
for implementing and monitoring the program established pursuant to
this Order. The Administrator shall delegate the implementation and
monitorship functions of this program to the Director of the
Information Security Oversight Office.
SEC. 5.2 INFORMATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT OFFICE
(a) The Information Security Oversight Office shall have a
full-time Director appointed by the Administrator of General
Services subject to approval by the President. The Director shall
have the authority to appoint a staff for the Office.
(b) The Director shall:
(1) develop, in consultation with the agencies, and promulgate,
subject to the approval of the National Security Council,
directives for the implementation of this Order, which shall be
binding on the agencies;
(2) oversee agency actions to ensure compliance with this Order
and implementing directives;
(3) review all agency implementing regulations and agency
guidelines for systematic declassification review. The Director
shall require any regulation or guideline to be changed if it is
not consistent with this Order or implementing directives. Any
such decision by the Director may be appealed to the National
Security Council. The agency regulation or guideline shall remain
in effect pending a prompt decision on the appeal;
(4) have the authority to conduct on-site reviews of the
information security program of each agency that generates or
handles classified information and to require of each agency those
reports, information, and other cooperation that may be necessary
to fulfill the Director's responsibilities. If these reports,
inspections, or access to specific categories of classified
information would pose an exceptional national security risk, the
affected agency head or the senior official designated under
Section 5.3(a) may deny access. The Director may appeal denials to
the National Security Council. The denial of access shall remain in
effect pending a prompt decision on the appeal;
(5) review requests for original classification authority from
agencies or officials not granted original classification authority
and, if deemed appropriate, recommend presidential approval;
(6) consider and take action on compliants and suggestions from
persons within or outside the Government with respect to the
administration of the information security program;
(7) have the authority to prescribe, after consultation with
affected agencies, standard forms that will promote the
implementation of the information security program;
(8) report at least annually to the President through the
National Security Council on the implementation of this Order; and
(9) have the authority to convene and chair interagency meetings
to discuss matters pertaining to the information security program.
SEC. 5.3 GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Agencies that originate or handle classified information shall:
(a) designate a senior agency official to direct and administer
its information security program, which shall include an active
oversight and security education program to ensure effective
implementation of this Order.
(b) promulgate implementing regulations. Any unclassified
regulations that establish agency information security policy shall
be published in the Federal Register to the extent that these
regulations affect members of the public;
(c) establish procedures to prevent unnecessary access to
classified information, including procedures that (i) require that
a demonstrable need for access to classified information is
established before initiating administrative clearance procedures,
and (ii) ensure that the number of persons granted access to
classified information is limited to the minimum consistent with
operational and security requirements and needs; and
(d) develop special contingency plans for the protection of
classified information used in or near hostile or potentially
hostile areas.
SEC. 5.4 SANCTIONS
(a) If the Director of the Information Security Oversight Office
finds that a violation of this Order or its implementing directives
may have occurred, the Director shall make a report to the head of
the agency or to the senior official designated under Section
5.3(a) so that corrective steps, if appropriate, may be taken.
(b) Officers and employees of the United States Government, and
its contractors, licensees, and grantees shall be subject to
appropriate sanctions if they:
(1) knowingly, willfully, or negligently disclose to unauthorized
persons information properly classified under this Order or
predecessor orders;
(2) knowingly and willfully classify or continue the
classification of information in violation of this Order or any
implementing directive; or
(3) knowingly and willfully violate any other provision of this
Order or implementing directive.
(c) Sanctions may include reprimand, suspension without pay,
removal, termination of classification authority, loss or denial of
access to classified information, or other sanctions in accordance
with applicable law and agency regulation.
(d) Each agency head or the senior official designated under
Section 5.3(a) shall ensure that appropriate and prompt corrective
action is taken whenever a violation under Section 5.4(b) occurs.
Either shall ensure that the Director of the Information Security
Oversight Office is promptly notified whenever a violation under
Section 5.4(b)(1) or (2) occurs.
PART 6 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
SEC. 6.1 DEFINITIONS
(a) ''Agency'' has the meaning provided at 5 U.S.C. 552(e).
(b) ''Information'' means any information or material, regardless
of its physical form or characteristics, that is owned by, produced
by or for, or is under the control of the United States Government.
(c) ''National security information'' means information that has
been determined pursuant to this Order or any predecessor order to
require protection against unauthorized disclosure and that is so
designated.
(d) ''Foreign government information'' means:
(1) information provided by a foreign government or governments,
an international organization of governments, or any element
thereof with the expectation, expressed or implied, that the
information, the source of the information, or both, are to be held
in confidence; or
(2) information produced by the United States pursuant to or as a
result of a joint arrangement with a foreign government or
governments or an international organization of governments, or any
element thereof, requiring that the information, the arrangement,
or both, are to be held in confidence.
(e) ''National security'' means the national defense or foreign
relations of the United States.
(f) ''Confidential source'' means any individual or organization
that has provided, or that may reasonably be expected to provide,
information to the United States on matters pertaining to the
national security with the expectation, expressed or implied, that
the information or relationship, or both, be held in confidence.
(g) ''Original classification'' means an initial determination
that information requires, in the interest of national security,
protection against unauthorized disclosure, together with a
classification designation signifying the level of protection
required.
SEC. 6.2 GENERAL
(a) Nothing in this Order shall supersede any requirement made by
or under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2011
et seq.). ''Restricted Data'' and ''Formerly Restricted Data''
shall be handled, protected, classified, downgraded, and
declassified in conformity with the provisions of the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as amended, and regulations issued under that Act.
(b) The Attorney General, upon request by the head of an agency
or the Director of the Information Security Oversight Office, shall
render an interpretation of this Order with respect to any question
arising in the course of its administration.
(c) Nothing in this Order limits the protection afforded any
information by other provisions of law.
(d) Executive Order No. 12065 of June 28, 1978, as amended, is
revoked as of the effective date of this Order.
(e) This Order shall become effective on August 1, 1982.
Ronald Reagan.
OFFICIALS DESIGNATED TO CLASSIFY NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION
Order of the President of the United States, dated May 7, 1982,
47 F.R. 20105, provided:
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 1.2 of Executive Order No.
12356 of April 2, 1982, entitled ''National Security Information,''
(set out as a note above) I hereby designate the following
officials to classify information originally as ''Top Secret'',
''Secret'', or ''Confidential'':
TOP SECRET
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT:
The Vice President
The Counsellor to the President
The Chief of Staff and Assistant to the President
The Deputy Chief of Staff and Assistant to the President
The Director, Office of Management and Budget
The United States Trade Representative
The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
The Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy
The Chairman, The President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
The Chairman, The President's Intelligence Oversight Board
The Secretary of State
The Secretary of the Treasury
The Secretary of Defense
The Secretary of the Army
The Secretary of the Navy
The Secretary of the Air Force
The Attorney General
The Secretary of Energy
The Chairman, Nuclear Regulatory Commission
The Director, United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
The Director of Central Intelligence
The Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The Administrator of General Services
The Director, Federal Emergency Management Agency
SECRET
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT:
The Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers
The President's Personal Representative for Micronesian Status
Negotiations
The Secretary of Commerce
The Secretary of Transportation
The Administrator, Agency for International Development
The Director, International Communication Agency
CONFIDENTIAL
The President, Export-Import Bank of the United States
The President, Overseas Private Investment Corporation
The Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency
Any delegation of this authority shall be in accordance with
Section 1.2(d) of the Order.
This Order shall be published in the Federal Register.
Ronald Reagan.
Order of the President of the United States, dated May 4, 1990,
55 F.R. 19235, provided:
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 1.2 of Executive Order No.
12356 of April 2, 1982, entitled ''National Security Information,''
(set out as a note above) I hereby designate the Director of
National Drug Control Policy to classify information originally as
''Top Secret.''
This order shall be published in the Federal Register.
George Bush.