BY ORDER OF THE COMMANDER, PACIFIC AIR FORCES
PACAF INSTRUCTION 10- 203
1 APRIL 1996 Flying Operations
AIRCREW INTELLIGENCE TRAINING
This instruction implements AFPD 10- 2, Readiness. It defines responsibilities and provides guidance for the management and execution of the Aircrew Intelligence Training Program (AIT). This publication does not apply to
Air National Guard or US Air Force Reserve units and their members.
SUMMARY OF REVISIONS
This revision incorporates procedures formerly published in PACAFR 51- 5, Vol II. This revision brings the aircrew
intelligence training program in line with the annual operations training and testing cycle. It outlines procedures for establishing an AIT Board, aircrew intelligence training, Escape and Recovery (E& R) training, and aircrew testing
and testing analysis procedures.
Supersedes PACAFR 51- 5, Vol II, 30 October 1992 Certified by: HQ PACAF/ INX (Col William R. Friese)
OPR: HQ PACAF/ INXU (Capt Kimberly B. Sievers) Pages: 6/ Distribution: F
1. Responsibilities.
1.1. HQ PACAF/ IN will:
1.1.1. Establish overall policy and direction for the Aircrew Intelligence Training (AIT) program. 1.1.2. Maintain currency of this instruction and coordinate changes with HQ PACAF/ DOT, as required.
1.1.3. Evaluate flying squadron and OSS participation in, and overall effectiveness of the local AIT program during staff assistance visits.
1.2. Operations Group Commanders (OG/ CC) will:
1.2.1. Develop and maintain written guidance (supplement to this instruction or local Group operating instruction)
to ensure:
1.2.1.1. Compliance with this instruction.
1.2.1.2. The local AIT program is tailored to the unit's mission, aircraft and base.
1.2.1.3. The level of AIT required by assigned aircrews according to their training status (e. g. mission ready, etc.)
has been determined and is published in local guidance.
1.2.1.4. A specific threat list (air, ground, naval) is developed for the unit's mission, aircraft and base, from which
threats for each annual training cycle are drawn.
1.2.1.5. Procedures for conducting, documenting, testing and reporting AIT are in place.
1.2.1.6. A process for periodically monitoring AIT status over the course of the training cycle is in place.
1.2.1.7. Trend analysis is conducted following each AIT testing cycle and any corrective measures are applied
during the succeeding AIT cycle.
1.2.2. An AIT Board is established. Board members will include representatives from OSS Intelligence and
Weapons and Tactics, Life Support and/ or Survival Training Instructor (when E& R/ CSAR issues are addressed), and at least one operator and one intelligence person from each flying squadron. The AIT board may also include or seek
input from any other disciplines that participate in, or influence AIT (e. g. Flight Medicine may provide info on disease hazards; Weather personnel may provide climatology, water temps, tides, sunrise/ set times, lunar activity;
Para Rescue personnel may provide insights to survival medicine and actual rescue procedures, etc.).
The AIT board will:
1.2.2.1. Evaluate AIT requirements for each pilot/ aircrew/ mission assigned to the Wing and build a proposed threat/ training events list.
1.2.2.2. Develop training objectives for each AIT category (except current intelligence and theater indoctrination). Objectives can be based either on airframe/ mission or aircrew position.
1.2.2.3. Plan and program AIT events for the upcoming cycle. 1.2.2.4. Draft AIT program written guidance.
1.2.2.5. Submit training proposals, objectives, training plan and draft guidance to the OSS senior intelligence officer for final approval.
1.2.2.6. Review all AIT- related Master Question Files (MQFs) for accuracy, thoroughness and compliance with this instruction and local directives.
1.2.2.7. Review the end of cycle test to ensure planned/ scheduled/ trained objectives will be effectively tested.
1.2.3. A comprehensive MQF is built for each airframe assigned to the wing. Each MQF will serve as the single
source from which questions are selected when compiling the end- of- cycle test. The MQF should contain at least three times as many questions as the end- of- cycle test (e. g. a 50- question test would be drawn from at least a 150-question MQF).
1.3. The OSS Senior Intelligence Officer will:
1.3.1. Function as the OG/ CC's executive agent for managing and coordinating the AIT program throughout the
staff and flying squadrons.
1.3.2. Ensure the end of cycle test is built and forwarded to the AIT board for review.
1.3.3. Analyze test data to determine AIT effectiveness and implement corrective actions during the next training cycle. Report analytical results to the AIT board.
1.3.4. Ensure AIT trainers are certified before conducting unsupervised AIT.
1.4. The OSS Operations Intelligence Officer (INO) will:
1.4.1. Chair the AIT Board.
1.4.2. Assist in AIT curriculum development.
1.4.3. Implement the AIT program as directed by the AIT board and local procedures.
1.4.3.1. Ensure aircrew intelligence training is standardized across the wing.
1.4.3.2. Ensure annual aircrew testing is conducted.
1.4.3.3. Ensure analysis is conducted on aircrew testing and presented to the AIT board.
1.4.4. Maintain aircrew training and testing documentation for two training cycles (two years).
1.4.5. Develop and maintain wing AIT- related MQF's in coordination with squadron intelligence personnel and OSS Weapons and Tactics shop. MQF's will be published annually, with the AIT program written guidance and
training plan, or as updates require revision. MCM 3- 1 Vol II will be the primary source for TK- related MQF questions.
1.4.6. Develop AIT lesson plans/ briefings in coordination with squadron intelligence personnel and OSS Weapons and Tactics shop.
1.5. The OSS Weapons and Tactics shop will:
1.5.1. Appoint an operator to function as a member of the AIT board to assist in curriculum development and
ensure AIT parallels and enhances the local weapon's training program.
1.5.2. Coordinate/ review AIT- related lesson plans/ briefings.
1.5.3. Review/ coordinate on all AIT- related MQFs. 1.6. OSS Life Support will:
1.6.1. Participate on the AIT Board to coordinate Survival, Evasion, Resistance, Escape and Recovery (SERER) curriculum development, aid in problem resolution and eliminate training redundancy (e. g. Life Support, Flying
Squadron Intelligence and Survival Instructors all teaching purpose/ use of equipment contained in the aircrew survival vest).
1.6.2. Coordinate/ review appropriate AIT- related lesson plans/ briefings.
1.7. The Flying Squadron Director of Operations will:
1.7.1. Appoint an operator and intelligence representative (when intelligence personnel are assigned) to function as
members of the AIT board to assist in curriculum development and ensure AIT parallels and enhances the local weapon's training program.
1.7.2. Implement the AIT program within the local unit IAW the OG/ CC's written guidance and this instruction.
1.8. Flying Squadron Intelligence will:
1.8.1. Participate on the AIT Board
1.8.2. Execute the provisions of the OG/ CC's written guidance and this instruction. 1.8.3. Track, and provide quarterly training status reports to OSS Intelligence and the flying squadron's director of
operations.
1.8.4. Provide end of cycle AIT results annually to the squadron's director of operations and OSS Intelligence.
2. Training Categories.
2.1. Threat Knowledge (TK).
Data provided to aircrews which facilitate selection of appropriate countermeasures to negate or limit the affect of a threat on the aircrew's mission. MCM 3- 1, Vol II , Threat Reference Guide and
Countertactics, is the primary source for the threat characteristics and performance data used in this training category. Volume II can, and should be augmented/ supplemented by other intelligence resources (e. g. tactics
bulletins, tactics analysis reports, country/ weapons system studies, etc.). When resources conflict, resolve in favor of MCM 3- 1 Vol II, (and/ or tactics bulletins/ tactics analysis team reports published after Vol II's information cut off
date). Both Intelligence and Weapons share responsibility for TK blocks of AIT.
2.2. Visual Recognition (VR).
All methods and materials which allow aircrews to visually identify aircraft, ground equipment, and major naval vessels they may encounter. This training will include paint schemes, fin flashes and
various configurations of theater- based weapons systems. VR materials (photos, 35mm slides, computer- generated images, drawings, models, etc.) should display a variety of aspects/ angles. OSS and squadron- level Intelligence are
responsible for VR training.
2.2.1. Units with a capability to commit air- to- air ordnance, regardless of primary mission, must be able to visually identify fixed and rotary wing aircraft (including joint/ allied assets) by name or numerical designator, and determine whether the aircraft is a threat or non- threat (threat or non- threat is a function of a weapons system's political
affiliation, not its ability to inflict damage upon friendly assets).
2.2.1.1. Support aircrews (AS, ACCS, RQS, ARS, etc) will be trained to visually identify aircraft by type and "friendly" or "enemy" (e. g. a MIG- 25 would be identified as a fighter/ enemy).
2.2.2. Units with a primary air- to- ground mission must be able to visually identify ground equipment by type (e. g. tank, armored personnel carrier, self- propelled artillery, surface- to- air missile, surface- to- surface missile, etc) and determine whether it is friendly or enemy. Air Rescue and theater airlift crews must also be trained to this standard
(those who potentially may conduct missions at low altitudes).
2.2.3. All units must be able to visually identify naval combatants by class (i. e. major or minor) as well as threat or
non- threat (major combatants include carriers/ cruisers, frigates, destroyers, submarines; minor combatants are usually smaller, lightly armed ships, such as various coastal patrol craft).
2.3. Evasion and Recovery (E& R).
Prepares aircrews for the possibility of survival and/ or detention in, or rescue from hostile territory/ persons. OSS and squadron- level Intelligence are responsible for :
2.3.1. Isolated Personnel Report (ISOPREP) maintenance and use. 2.3.2. Evasion Plan of Action (EPA) preparation.
2.3.3. Safe Area Intelligence Description/ E& R Area Intelligence Description (SAID/ E& R AID) and SERER guide familiarization.
2.3.4. Intelligence- issued E& R kit contents and item use. 2.3.4.1. Evasion Chart familiarization.
2.3.4.2. Pointee Talkee and Blood Chit use. 2.3.4.3. Escape Aids familiarization.
2.3.5. Ground Environment (data pertaining to geography/ terrain analysis, demographics/ culture, area security/ threats, edible and hazardous plants and animals, lines of communications studies, land and water temperatures, solar/ lunar tables, medical considerations, etc.). 2.3.6. Code of Conduct training.
2.3.7. Peacetime detention.
2.4. Collection and Reporting (C& R).
Familiarizes aircrews with timelines and data requirements to facilitate intelligence reporting. C& R is an intelligence responsibility but timelines and data requirements are aircrew-testable.
2.5. Current Intelligence (CI).
Keeps aircrews abreast of significant occurrences within their theater and/ or tasking area. CI is not testable for aircrew.
2.6. Theater Indoctrination (TI). TI consists of all intelligence/ operational data presented to newly assigned aircrews which serves as their initial introduction to theater/ area of operations. TI briefings must be tailored to the unit's
mission, aircraft and AOR. Unlike the training categories mentioned above, TI is neither a recurring, nor testable aircrew training requirement (i. e. it is presented only once, usually in mass, to newly arriving aircrews). Various
agencies within the OG have a responsibility to participate in TI. Intelligence will cover the following:
2.6.1. Significant aspects of the current political and military situation in theater.
2.6.2. Familiarization with the primary threat( s), initial introduction to theater- specific visual recognition of joint/ allied aircraft (including look- a- likes), and intelligence reporting requirements.
2.6.3. Theater unique E& R considerations, including EPA/ ISOPREP accomplishment.
2.6.4. PACAF aircrew intelligence training program requirements.
2.6.5. Local Intelligence capabilities and responsibilities (i. e. facilities tour, intelligence reference library, availability and location of self- study materials/ equipment, target materials location and familiarization, Mission
Planning Cell operations, order of battle situation displays and locations, intelligence debriefing locations, familiarization with intelligence support equipment and unique capabilities afforded by).
2.7. Spin Up Training (ST).
ST consists of any training designed to prepare aircrews for operations outside of their standing OPlan tasking (includes CONPlan tasking within theater). Not an annual requirement, this type training is
provided when aircrews are tasked to deploy to non- OPlan contingency operations. As with CI, ST is not testable. ST will include:
2.7.1. Country study data (demographics, culture, industry, economy, national/ international affiliations/ dependency, etc.)
2.7.2. Political and military situation in operations area . 2.7.3. Mission and background of the operation and your unit's assigned mission relative to same. Identify
operational and intelligence chains of command as well as any lessons learned from previous USAF participants in the operation.
2.7.4. Threat environment (e. g. ground, air, naval, space, terrorist/ civil unrest). Include internal and external threats to the operation as well as possible/ probable reactions to the deployment.
2.7.4.1. Enemy tactics observed or anticipated (ground, air, naval etc.)
2.7.4.2. Probable enemy courses of action
2.7.4.3. Theater/ Area Visual Recognition training.
2.7.5. E& R considerations (e. g. SAFE/ E& E Areas, terrain analysis, Combat Search and Rescue procedures and availability, ISOPREP review, EPA planning, etc.). If not engaged in open hostilities/ war, peacetime detention factors should also be covered.
2.7.6. Debriefing and reporting responsibilities.
3. Training Program Management.
3.1. AIT will be conducted on an annual cycle.
3.2. One hundred percent of the objectives established by the AIT board will be accomplished by all MR aircrews. 3.2.1. Training may be pro- rated for aircrews who:
3.2.1.1. PCS into the Operations Group with less than nine months of the training cycle remaining. 3.2.2.2. Miss 90 days or more of the training during a given training cycle due to TDY commitments.
3.3. Training may be presented via formal mass briefings, threat- of- the- day briefs, or any other forum/ format which supports effective and complete objective satisfaction.
3.4. Standardized training outlines and/ or scripts should be developed for each training category except CI. At a minimum, data supporting TK, VR, E& R and C& R will be updated annually and/ or reviewed for currency prior to the beginning of each training cycle. Owing to the transitory nature of some data, TI briefing scripts, when used, will be reviewed/ updated at least semi- annually.
3.5. The end of cycle test is designed to measure aircrew proficiency in meeting established training objectives and gauge the effectiveness of the overall training program. It is to be administered without aid of reference material. At a minimum, all MR pilots are subject to testing. Test applicability to MS and MQT pilots as well as pass/ fail criteria, will be addressed in the OG/ CC's written guidance.
3.5.1. OSS Intelligence and Flying Squadron Intelligence will ensure timely test results feedback is provided to tested aircrews.
3.5.2. AIT by- pass testing is any process or procedure designed ultimately to exempt personnel from mandatory AIT requirements (e. g. pilots who pass a 50- question TK test do not have to participate in TK training sessions during a given cycle). AIT by- pass testing, in any form, is not authorized within PACAF.
3.6. OSS Intelligence, with input from each flying squadron intelligence cell, will prepare an annual AIT status report to inform the group commander and the flying squadron director of operations of training and testing results.
An information copy of the report should also be provided to all members of the AIT board. The report will contain the following, at a minimum:
3.6.1. Training objectives unsatisfied and reasons for non- accomplishment.
3.6.2. Test results, by squadron.
3.6.3. Trend analysis and recommended course of action, if any. 3.6.4. Recommended training objectives for next training cycle.
3.6.5. Training documentation will be maintained for the current and preceding cycle. Annual training reports will be maintained for three years.
PAUL J. LEBRAS, Colonel, USAF Director of Intelligence
Air Force