Air Force
Intelligence and Security Doctrine

BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE INSTRUCTION 16-601
SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE 1 march 1996

Operations Support

IMPLEMENTATION OF, AND COMPLIANCE

WITH, ARMS CONTROL AGREEMENTS

NOTICE: This publication is available digitally. Contact your Publishing Distribution Office (PDO) for the monthly CD-ROM or access to the bulletin board system. The target date for discontinuing paper publications is December, 1996.

This instruction implements AFPD 16-6, Arms Control Agreements, and Department of Defense (DoD) Directive 2060.1, Implementation of, and Compliance With, Arms Control Agreements, July 31, 1992. It gives the directive requirements for implementing and complying with arms control agreements. It applies to all organizations involved in the acquisition, operation, and support of weapon systems or items that are affected by arms control and related agreements. Additional related publications include: AFPD 10-6, Mission Needs and Operational Requirements and AFI 10-601, Mission Needs and Operational Requirements Guidance and Procedures.

HSUMMARY OF REVISIONS

HThis revision adds education and training responsibilities to HQ USAF/XOXI (paragraph 1.1.10); adds education and training responsibilities to MAJCOM Arms Control Offices (paragraph 1.2); adds three treaties/agreements: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), and the Biological Weapons (BW) Trilateral Agreement (table A1.1); and deletes Air Force Arms Control Review Board and Security Policy Review Group. A H indicates revisions from the previous edition.

1. Responsibilities:
1.1. The Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations, National Security Negotiations Division (HQ USAF/XOXI) manages all aspects of the Air Force arms control process and:
1.1.1. Coordinates with major commands (MAJCOM) to develop Air Force positions on US arms control proposals and negotiating positions. Provides Air Force input into developing joint staff negotiating positions.
1.1.2. Informs and advises senior Air Force leadership on arms control issues.
1.1.3. Answers congressional requests about treaty impacts on Air Force operations.
1.1.4. Provides guidance on interpreting arms control agreements and establishes procedures for implementing and ensuring compliance with arms control agreements.
1.1.5. Reviews requirements documentation and program management directives for potential compliance problems and
coordinates changes with the Assistant Secretary (Acquisition), SAF/AQQ and AQS, and with the Director of Operational Requirements, HQ USAF/XOR. Additionally, reviews force structure planning with the Director of Forces, HQ USAF/XOF, to ensure arms control compliance while maintaining flexibility in force structure employment.
1.1.6. Ensures consistency with the general procedures and guidance issued by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology (USD[A&T]).
1.1.7. Represents the Air Force, as required, on the Department of Defense Compliance Review Group (CRG). Provides reports on arms control compliance to USD(A&T).
1.1.8. Manages overall Air Force arms control funding requirements. Assists SAF/FM with arms control guidance for carrying out its arms control-related financial management responsibilities. Designates an overall Arms Control Program Element Monitor. Also provides MAJCOMs funding to support their directed arms control activities.
H1.1.9. Assists the USD(A&T) and SAF/AQ with their arms control-related acquisition responsibilities. Supports Defense Nuclear Agency, Department of Energy, OSD, and Air Force organizations in the research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) of new arms control and verification technologies. Additionally, HQ USAF/XOXI represents the Air Force on the USD(A&T) Treaty Managers' Group and Forum for Arms Control Technology (FACT).
H1.1.10. Responsible for overall education and training for arms control related activities within the Air Force.
1.2. Each MAJCOM will establish an arms control office or point of contact to deal specifically with treaties/agreements applicable to the MAJCOM. Additionally, in concert with HQ USAF/XOXI, this office will ensure the education and training of those personnel directly involved with arms control activities and the overall arms control awareness of their command.
1.3. Organizations engaged in the RDT&E or acquisition process (including existing program modifications) will review their programs at appropriate milestones (or program reviews) to ensure compliance with existing agreements or designated potential agreements.
1.4. All Air Force organizations will refer any arms control related questions to the appropriate MAJCOM arms control office or HQ USAF/XOXI. Programs or activities with the potential for raising compliance issues may not be tested or deployed without prior clearance or certification by HQ USAF/XOXI.

2. Implementation/Compliance Plans. Each MAJCOM will prepare and forward to HQ USAF/XOXI, treaty implementation plans for those agreements listed in attachment 1 that affect the MAJCOM.
2.1. Implementation plans must include:
2.1.1. An office of primary responsibility and point of contact.
2.1.2. A summary of organizational assets and activities which are covered by the subject agreement.
2.1.3. A detailed listing of specific agreement provisions and the methods for carrying out the provisions.
2.1.4. An explanation of how the MAJCOM carries out the agreements' or higher headquarters' reporting requirements.
2.2. Field units will develop treaty compliance plans as directed by their parent MAJCOM. These unit plans will be included as annexes to the MAJCOM implementation plan.

3. Compliance Reporting:
3.1. If USD(A&T) directs HQ USAF/XOX to submit compliance reports, HQ USAF/XOX will request applicable organizations
review their activities and respond on their compliance status.
3.2. Each MAJCOM and addressed Air Staff, Reserve and National Guard Bureau organization will complete a compliance
certification report (see attachment 2) within 45 calendar days from the HQ USAF/XOX request.

RALPH E. EBERHART, Lt General, USAF

DCS/Plans and Operations

2 Attachments
1. Arms Control Agreements and Initiatives and Other Treaties of Interest
2. Format for Certification of Compliance
ARMS CONTROL AGREEMENTS AND INITIATIVES AND OTHER TREATIES OF INTEREST

NOTE: This table is a summary only and does not include all treaties and agreements, nor does it reflect the full scope of applicable restrictions and obligations. Refer to the appropriate treaty/agreement text for more detail.

HTable A1.1. Summary of Arms Control Agreements and Initiatives.

TREATY/NEGOTIATION DESCRIPTION AF WEAPONS/PROGRAMS AFFECTED

Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START) Treaty

Mandates numerical, qualitative and locational restrictions on strategic offensive arms (launchers and warheads), including deployed and non-deployed; existing and new types of weapons. All ICBMs, ballistic missiles, RVs, heavy bombers, long-range ALCMs (>600 km) and SLBMs (may impact RSLP). All facilities where these are based, stored, maintained, tested or modified, and ballistic missile production facilities, are inspectable.

Ballistic Missile Launch
Notification Agreement Requires notification of launches of strategic ballistic missiles (by the US or FSU) no less than 24 hours in advance. Incorporated into START treaty but signed as a separate agreement. Impacts ICBM/SLV launches at both Vandenberg and Patrick AFBs. Notifications specified in Notification Protocol of the START Treaty.

Major Strategic Exercise Notification Agreement Requires notification of one major strategic exercise by the US and FSU, provided one was conducted during that calendar year. This annual notification must be made at least 14 days in advance. Incorporated into START treaty but signed as a separate agreement. Impacts heavy bomber exercises. Notifications specified in Noti-fication Protocol of the START Treaty.

Presidential Nuclear Initiatives (PNI) Unilateral announcements by US and former Soviet Union (FSU) leaders to further reduce tactical/theater and strategic nuclear weapons. Heavy bombers off alert, SRAM II canceled, PK production and mobility canceled, Small ICBM canceled, MM II off alert, B-2 production stops at 20, ACM production stops at 640, possible relocation of tactical nuclear weapons storage in Europe.

START II Treaty US/Russian agreement on further reductions in strategic offensive arms including a ban on MIRVed ICBMs.
MM III downloaded to one RV, PK eliminated, each heavy bomber weapon will count towards RV limit, B-1B may be reoriented to conventional roles and not count under START II.

Intermediate-Range & Shorter-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty Requires permanent elimination of all US and FSU intermediate-range (1,000 - 5,500 km) and shorter-range (500 - 1,000 km) ballistic and ground-launched cruise missiles. Eliminated BGM-109G (GLCM).

US/Russian Talks on Ballistic Missile Defenses Negotiations on future of ballistic missile defenses and possible abandonment or extensive revision of ABM Treaty and sharing of early warning data. TBD.

Table A1.1. Continued.

TREATY/NEGOTIATION DESCRIPTION AF WEAPONS/PROGRAMS AFFECTED

Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty
Prohibits US and FSU from deploying nationwide ABM defense system, limits each to one site for ABM defense with 100 interceptor missiles and a limited number of ABM radars. Siting and orientation of large, phased-array radars (LPAR) for ballistic missile early warning (BMEW) restricted to periphery of national territory and must be facing outward. Future national and/or theater missile defense systems.

Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty Reduces conventional forces of 30 NATO and former Warsaw Pact countries; limits FSU forces to approximately one-third of total armaments permitted for all countries in Europe. Numerical limits on European-based aircraft (fighter, attack fixed-wing and helicopters) and some armored vehicles. Air bases, units and equipment will be inspected.

CFE 1A Agreement Agreement on reductions in manpower levels in Europe. Numerical limits on military manpower in Europe.

Open Skies Treaty NATO and former Warsaw Pact countries agreed to conduct and submit to aerial observation flights over their territory on the basis of annual quotas meant to provide for equitable coverage. Requirement to modify three C-135 aircraft and equip them with treaty-specified sensors. Support aircraft operations during overflight of the U.S. by foreign Treaty aircraft. Provide media processing capability

Bilateral Destruction Agreement US/FSU agreement on chemical weapons destruction meant to facilitate development of a multi-lateral convention on a global chemical weapons ban. Facilities inspections, if inspection regime is established.

Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)
Multilateral negotiation to ban the production, possession, transfer and use of chemical weapons by the 39 nations (36 additional in observer status) of the Conference on Disarmament (CD). Facilities inspections (including those for precursors, dual purpose, and other super-toxic lethal chemicals).

Biological Weapons Convention
(BWC) Multilateral convention that prohibits development, stockpiling, acquisition, or retaining of:
1) microbial or other biological agents or toxins that have no justification for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes and,
2) weapons, equipment or means of delivery designed to use such agents or toxins for hostile purposes or in armed conflict. Facilities, if inspection protocols are developed and implemented.

BW Trilateral Agreement US/UK/Russian joint statement designed to alleviate US/UK concerns on Russian noncompliance with the BWC. Facility inspections of sites identified in UN BWC confidence building declarations.

Comprehensive Teat Ban Treaty (CTBT)
Each State Party undertakes to prohibit any nuclear weapon test at any place under its jurisdiction or control. Each State Party undertakes, furthermore, to refrain from causing , encouraging, or in any way participating in, the carrying out of any nuclear weapon test. All nuclear weapons.

Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT) Prohibits US/FSU from under-ground testing of nuclear weapons with a yield greater than 150 KT. Inspections at Nevada Test Site (with DOE).

Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT) Prohibits nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, outer space or under water. N/A.

Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (PNET)
Prohibits any explosion by the US or FSU exceeding a yield of 150 KT, any group explosion exceeding a yield of 150 KT that will not permit the identification and determination of the yield of each individual explosion in the group, or any group explosion with an aggregate yield of more than 1.5 MT. N/A.

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Obligates nuclear weapons states parties not to transfer nuclear weapons or assist any non-nuclear weapon state to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons. Each non-nuclear weapon state agrees not to receive nuclear weapons or control over them from any transferor and to accept safeguards to prevent the diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful purposes to nuclear weapons. N/A.

Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) Provides export policy guidelines meant to limit the spread of missiles and unmanned delivery systems capable of carrying at least a 500 kg payload at least 300 kms. Sales of AF missiles captured under treaty restricted.

Korean Initiative (Joint Declaration for a Non-Nuclear Peninsula)
Politically binding agreement to ban nuclear weapons from the Korean Peninsula. Possible inspection of USAF sites in ROK.

Outer Space Treaty Prohibits signatories from placing nuclear or other weapons of mass destruction in outer space and limits use of outer space to peaceful purposes. N/A.

Environmental Modification
(ENMOD) Convention Prohibits use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as the means of destruction, damage, or injury to any other party. N/A.

FORMAT FOR CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE

MEMORANDUM FOR: HQ USAF/XOX

SUBJECT: COMPLIANCE WITH ARMS CONTROL AGREEMENTS

1. This certifies that (with the exception of paragraph 2) all programs and activities under the control of ___________________ are in compliance with the provisions of the following arms control treaties and agreements entered into by the United States: ________________________________________

2. The following programs or activities need further resolution to ensure compliance with the provisions of arms control treaties and agreements:

PROGRAM AFFECTED TREATIES/AGREEMENTS

3. Any questions regarding arms control compliance can be directed to _______________________ at DSN_________.

SIGNATURE___________________________________________
Copy to: HQ USAF/XOXI

NOTE: Please use statement in paragraph 1 and as necessary in paragraph 2 in responding. Include any other information deemed appropriate.

GUIDANCE: Upon request of HQ USAF/XOXI, directed Air Staff agencies, Air Reserve component and MAJCOMs will submit a copy of this compliance report.

HTable A1.1. Summary of Arms Control Agreements and Initiatives.
TREATY/NEGOTIATION	DESCRIPTION	AF WEAPONS/PROGRAMS AFFECTED
Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START) Treaty	Mandates numerical, qualitative and locational restrictions on strategic offensive arms (launchers and warheads), including deployed and non-deployed; existing and new types of weapons.	All ICBMs, ballistic missiles, RVs, heavy bombers, long-range ALCMs (>600 km) and SLBMs (may impact RSLP). All facilities where these are based, stored, maintained, tested or modified, and ballistic missile production facilities, are inspectable.
Ballistic Missile Launch Notification Agreement	Requires notification of launches of strategic ballistic missiles (by the US or FSU) no less than 24 hours in advance. Incorporated into START treaty but signed as a separate agreement.	Impacts ICBM/SLV launches at both Vandenberg and Patrick AFBs. Notifications specified in Notification Protocol of the START Treaty.
Major Strategic Exercise Notification Agreement	Requires notification of one major strategic exercise by the US and FSU, provided one was conducted during that calendar year. This annual notification must be made at least 14 days in advance. Incorporated into START treaty but signed as a separate agreement.	Impacts heavy bomber exercises. Notifications specified in Noti-fication Protocol of the START Treaty.
Presidential Nuclear Initiatives (PNI)	Unilateral announcements by US and former Soviet Union (FSU) leaders to further reduce tactical/theater and strategic nuclear weapons.	Heavy bombers off alert, SRAM II canceled, PK production and mobility canceled, Small ICBM canceled, MM II off alert, B-2 production stops at 20, ACM production stops at 640, possible relocation of tactical nuclear weapons storage in Europe.
START II Treaty	US/Russian agreement on further reductions in strategic offensive arms including a ban on MIRVed ICBMs.	MM III downloaded to one RV, PK eliminated, each heavy bomber weapon will count towards RV limit, B-1B may be reoriented to conventional roles and not count under START II.
Intermediate-Range & Shorter-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty	Requires permanent elimination of all US and FSU intermediate-range (1,000 - 5,500 km) and shorter-range (500 - 1,000 km) ballistic and ground-launched cruise missiles.	Eliminated BGM-109G (GLCM).
US/Russian Talks on Ballistic Missile Defenses	Negotiations on future of ballistic missile defenses and possible abandonment or extensive revision of ABM Treaty and sharing of early warning data.	TBD.

Table A1.1. Continued.
TREATY/NEGOTIATION	DESCRIPTION	AF WEAPONS/PROGRAMS AFFECTED
Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty	Prohibits US and FSU from deploying nationwide ABM defense system, limits each to one site for ABM defense with 100 interceptor missiles and a limited number of ABM radars.	Siting and orientation of large, phased-array radars (LPAR) for ballistic missile early warning (BMEW) restricted to periphery of national territory and must be facing outward. Future national and/or theater missile defense systems.
Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty	Reduces conventional forces of 30 NATO and former Warsaw Pact countries; limits FSU forces to approximately one-third of total armaments permitted for all countries in Europe.	Numerical limits on European-based aircraft (fighter, attack fixed-wing and helicopters) and some armored vehicles. Air bases, units and equipment will be inspected.
CFE 1A Agreement	Agreement on reductions in manpower levels in Europe.	Numerical limits on military manpower in Europe.
Open Skies Treaty	NATO and former Warsaw Pact countries agreed to conduct and submit to aerial observation flights over their territory on the basis of annual quotas meant to provide for equitable coverage.	Requirement to modify three C-135 aircraft and equip them with treaty-specified sensors. Support aircraft operations during overflight of the U.S. by foreign Treaty aircraft. Provide media processing capability
Bilateral Destruction Agreement	US/FSU agreement on chemical weapons destruction meant to facilitate development of a multi-lateral convention on a global chemical weapons ban.	Facilities inspections, if inspection regime is established.
Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)	Multilateral negotiation to ban the production, possession, transfer and use of chemical weapons by the 39 nations (36 additional in observer status) of the Conference on Disarmament (CD).	Facilities inspections (including those for precursors, dual purpose, and other super-toxic lethal chemicals).
Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)	Multilateral convention that prohibits development, stockpiling, acquisition, or retaining of: 1) microbial or other biological agents or toxins that have no justification for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes and, 2) weapons, equipment or means of delivery designed to use such agents or toxins for hostile purposes or in armed conflict.	Facilities, if inspection protocols are developed and implemented.
BW Trilateral Agreement	US/UK/Russian joint statement designed to alleviate US/UK concerns on Russian noncompliance with the BWC.	Facility inspections of sites identified in UN BWC confidence building declarations.
Comprehensive Teat Ban Treaty (CTBT)	Each State Party undertakes to prohibit any nuclear weapon test at any place under its jurisdiction or control. Each State Party undertakes, furthermore, to refrain from causing , encouraging, or in any way participating in, the carrying out of any nuclear weapon test.	All nuclear weapons.
Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT)	Prohibits US/FSU from under-ground testing of nuclear weapons with a yield greater than 150 KT.	Inspections at Nevada Test Site (with DOE).
Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT)	Prohibits nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, outer space or under water.	N/A.
Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (PNET)	Prohibits any explosion by the US or FSU exceeding a yield of 150 KT, any group explosion exceeding a yield of 150 KT that will not permit the identification and determination of the yield of each individual explosion in the group, or any group explosion with an aggregate yield of more than 1.5 MT.	N/A.
Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)	Obligates nuclear weapons states parties not to transfer nuclear weapons or assist any non-nuclear weapon state to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons. Each non-nuclear weapon state agrees not to receive nuclear weapons or control over them from any transferor and to accept safeguards to prevent the diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful purposes to nuclear weapons.	N/A.
Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)	Provides export policy guidelines meant to limit the spread of missiles and unmanned delivery systems capable of carrying at least a 500 kg payload at least 300 kms.	Sales of AF missiles captured under treaty restricted.
Korean Initiative (Joint Declaration for a Non-Nuclear Peninsula)	Politically binding agreement to ban nuclear weapons from the Korean Peninsula.	Possible inspection of USAF sites in ROK.
Outer Space Treaty	Prohibits signatories from placing nuclear or other weapons of mass destruction in outer space and limits use of outer space to peaceful purposes.	N/A.
Environmental Modification (ENMOD) Convention	Prohibits use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as the means of destruction, damage, or injury to any other party.	N/A.

Air Force Intelligence and Security Doctrine

Air Force
Intelligence and Security Doctrine