Air Force
Intelligence and Security Doctrine

Intelligence

AIR FORCE TARGETING

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This instruction implements AFPD 14-2, Intelligence Collection, Production, and Application. It guides air targeting and defines targeting responsibilities and terms. Use this instruction with AF Pamphlets 14-209, An Introduction to Air Force Targeting {formerly AFPs 200-17 and 200-18, volume 1, and 14-210, (S) Target Intelligence Handbook, Classified Supplement (U) (formerly AFP 200-18, Volume 2).

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This revision aligns this instruction with AFPD 14-2.
Paragraph
Section A--Responsibilities
Headquarters 497th Intelligence Group (HQ 497th IG) 1
HQ 497th IG Directorate of Targets 2
HQ USAF Division of Force Management (HQ USAF/INRF) 3
Major Air Commands' (MAJCOM) Designated Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) 4
HQ Air Education and Training Command (HQ AETC) 5

Section B--Targeting Process
Targeting Process 6

Attachment Page
Glossary of Abbreviations, Acronyms, Terms, and References 8

Section A--Responsibilities

1. Headquarters 497th Intelligence Group (HQ 497th IG). HQ 497th IG provides intelligence support to Headquarters Air Force (HQ USAF).

2. HQ 497th IG Directorate of Targets (HQ 497th IG/INT). HQ 497th IG/INT serves as the authority, focal point, and technical advisor for Air Force targeting.

2.1. The Air Force Authority:

• Develops and implements Air Force targeting policy.
• Advises the Air Force Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence (ACS/I) on policy and guidance matters pertaining to targeting.
• Coordinates and promotes standardization throughout the Air Force for major targeting policy and guidance, databases, automated systems, and target materials.

• Coordinates intelligence and operations issues whose impact affect the overall targeting process. These issues include changes in plans, programs, resources, support initiatives, and technological advancements.
• Sponsors the Air Force Targeting Conference to improve Air Force targeting and to promote the development and exchange of targeting ideas, doctrine, concepts, materials, and systems.
• Represents Air Force Intelligence on the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)-sponsored Military Target Intelligence Committee (MTIC) and Target Materials Users Group/Producers Group (TMUG/PG).
• Represents the Air Force targeting community at interagency and Department of Defense (DoD) conferences and functions.
• Represents the ACS/I on the Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions Effectiveness and Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual (JMEM) working groups.

• Provides targeting expertise to HQ USAF contingency planning and crisis operations.
• Provides targeting expertise to the HQ USAF force development process (weapon systems acquisition and munitions planning).
• Provides functional expertise for Air Force's targeting systems and resources.
• Provides subject-matter expertise for reviewing requests to release target intelligence, target materials, and JMEM data.
• Provides combat targeting subject-matter expertise to the Utilization & Training Workshop (U&TW) and Training Planning Team (TPT) for both officer and enlisted intelligence career fields. Coordinates and monitors the Career Field Education Training Plan (CFETP) with MAJCOMs.
• Provides assistance to major air and joint commands or services on issues pertaining to air targeting.

• Acts as the Air Force intelligence functional manager for manpower, personnel, and training.
• Tasks or coordinates issues pertinent to targeting whose potential impact would affect the overall discipline.
• Coordinates manpower, personnel, and training issues for targeting with HQ 497th IG/INT.
• Convenes the TPT when appropriate to review targeting training curricula.

• Serves as focal point for targeting issues of concern to their command.
• Develops command targeting policy, procedures, and priorities.
• Provides HQ 497th IG/INT with proposed agenda items or issues for DIA's MTIC and TMUG/PG when tasked.
• Coordinates with HQ 497th IG/INT on targeting issues requiring HQ USAF or HQ 497th IG support.
• Coordinates command-sponsored systems development that either requires or supports the targeting process.
• Provides command representation for the TPT review of officer and enlisted combat targeting training curriculum.

• Acts as the OPR for executing targeting training for the Air Force.
• Hosts review of targeting training curricula when convened by HQ USAF/INRF.
• Develops training to satisfy validated MAJCOM training requirements at HQ USAF/INRF direction.

6. Targeting Process. The targeting process has six distinct, interactive phases. Throughout these phases, the target planner focuses intelligence to support operational planning and force employment to achieve the commander's objectives.

6.1. Objectives and Guidance. To:

• Obtain and interpret the commander's objectives and guidance.
• Study successive commanders' objectives and guidance, plans, and courses of action as reference for target development.

• Analyze the enemy's capabilities to identify vulnerabilities (potential targets) as they relate to each other ("target system analysis").
• Evaluate the potential targets and their components to identify vulnerabilities--the elements to be neutralized or destroyed.
• Compile prioritized list of potential targets that doctrinally support commander's objectives and guidance.
• Use AFPAM 14-209, Target Intelligence Handbook and AFPAM 14-210, (S) Target Intelligence Handbook, Classified Supplement (U).

• Determine the amount of lethal and non-lethal force required to achieve the commander's objectives associated with the prioritized targets.
• Use JMEMs for conventional weapons calculations.
• Use *AP-550-1-2-69-INT for nuclear weapons calculations.
• Coordinate with information warfare and electronic combat planners for non lethal methods (command and control warfare, electronic warfare and suppression of enemy air defenses, etc.).
• Use the estimated numbers and types of weapons and systems as the principal input to force applications planning.

• Coordinate with Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC) operations planners to refine force requirements (types, numbers, and availability of weapons and weapons system types).
• Present target nominations and force requirements briefing to the JFACC for approval.
• Once approved, develop the Air Tasking Order (ATO) in coordination with the operations planners to orchestrate and direct unit actions.
• Use AFPAMs 14-209 and 14-210.

• Support unit execution planning with target intelligence (i.e. target materials, imagery, target graphics, positioning data, etc).
• Use *ACCR 55-125, Preparation of Mission Planning Materials.
• Review ATO for proper weapon fuzing combination versus target.
• Use AFPAMs 14-209 and 14-210.

• Monitor the execution of the ATO to evaluate the level of success in meeting the commander's objectives. Provide the commander with the following assessments: Battle Damage Assessment (BDA), "Did the strike(s) achieve the desired damage to the targets?"; Munitions Effects Assessment (MEA), "Did the munition(s) perform as designed?"; and Mission Assessment (MA), "Are our attacks impacting the adversary's war fighting capabilities?"
• Use Test Publication, Joint Pub 2-04, Doctrine and Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Battle Damage Assessment in Support of Joint Operations.

• Recommend restrike(s), as appropriate.
• Use CA data as a principal input to initiate the targeting cycle, as required.

  ERVIN J. ROKKE, Maj General, USAF
  

  Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence
  

NOTE: If you use this instruction, you are responsible for verifying the currency of the cited documents.

AFPD 14-2 Intelligence Collection, Production, and Application

AFPAM 14-209 Air Force Target Intelligence
Handbook (renumbered from AFP 200-17
and AFP 200-18, Volume 1)

AFPAM 14-210 (S) Air Force Target Intelligence
Handbook (U), Classified Supplement
(renumbered from AFP 200-18, Volume 2)

• Basic JMEM Air-to-Surface JMEM Air-to-Surface, Weapon
  

• JMEM Classified Supplement JMEM Air-to-Surface, Weapon
  

• JMEM Air-to-Surface Volumes I-IV Visual Deliveries

• JMEM Air-to-Surface Books 1-4 Target Vulnerabilities
• AP-550-1-2-69-INT Physical Vulnerability Handbook -
  

Test Publication Joint Pub 2-04 Doctrine and Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Battle Damage
Assessment in Support of Joint Operations

_______________
SOURCE OF AVAILABILITY:

Source for JMEM Publications: JTCG/ME Publications
OC-ALC/TILUB
7851 2nd Street, Suite 204
Tinker AFB, OK 73145-9160

Source for AFP 550 Manuals: DIA/DSP-2A
Washington DC 20340-2321

Section B--Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACS/I Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence
ATO Air Tasking Order
BDA Battle Damage Assessment
BE Number Basic Encyclopedia Number
CA Combat Assessment
CFETP Career Field Education Training Plan
DIA Defense Intelligence Agency
DoD Department of Defense
HQ AETC Headquarters Air Education and Training command
HQ 497th IG Headquarters 497th Intelligence Group
HQ USAF Headquarters United States Air Force
JMEM Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manuals
MA Mission Assessment
MAJCOM Major Command
MEA Munitions Effects Assessment
MTIC Military Target Intelligence Committee
OPR Office of Primary Responsibility
TPT Training Planning Team
TMUG/PG Target Materials Users Group/Producers Group
U&TW Utilization and Training Workshop

Section C--Terms

NOTE: The purpose of this glossary is to help the reader understand the terms used in this publication. It is not intended to encompass all pertinent terms. Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, 1 May 1988, and AFM 11-1, Air Force Glossary of Standard Terms, contain standardized terms and definitions for DoD and Air Force use.

Aimpoint: a point on the ground about which it is desired to center the weapon impact(s). Also known as DMPI, Desired Mean Point of Impact.

Air Tasking Order: a document containing specific mission tasking and relevant data by unit and aircraft.

Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual(s): a series of volumes of weapons effectiveness information for nonnuclear weapons.

Military Target Intelligence Committee: the senior-level leadership, advisory, coordination, and decisionmaking forum
which serves to resolve joint targeting intelligence issues, to determine requirement, and to exploit opportunities, under the
auspices of the Senior Military Intelligence Officers' Conference.

Target: a geographic area, complex, or installation planned for capture, neutralization, or destruction by military forces. A country, area, installation, agency, or person against which intelligence operations are directed. An object or area becomes a target when military action is planned or directed against it.

Targeting: *a systematic approach to the orderly and reasoned employment of military force. Targeting is the integration of, but is not limited to, analyses of the threat, the target system, and target characteristics with operational objectives, doctrine, friendly force posture and capabilities, weapons effects, and rules of engagement. Targeting matches objectives and guidance with inputs from intelligence and operations to form a basis for the development of courses of action and identification of forces necessary. Targeting includes all lethal and non lethal applications of force. It spans not only conventional, nuclear, and chemical force application, but electronic combat, joint and combined force operations, special operations and space activities. From this integration, targeting makes recommendations for the use of aerospace forces.
Target material(s): a graphic, textual, tabular, digital, video, imagery or other presentation of target intelligence and information, primarily designed to support operations against designated targets by one or more weapon systems.

Target Materials Users Group/Producers Group: an advisory body to support the Target Materials System (TMS), Target Materials Program, and the MTIC by providing technical expertise and developing options for major issues affecting the TMS.

• The official DoD definition for this term is contained in Joint Pub 1-02, the DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Term. This definition is for the purpose of this instruction