• Discusses the Nature of Intelligence

• Covers the Purposes of Intelligence

• Provides Joint Intelligence Principles and Assigns Joint Intelligence Responsibilities

• Discusses Intelligence Functions For Joint Operations

• Explains the Joint Intelligence Architecture

• Provides Guidance Concerning Intelligence For Multinational Operations

Intelligence support is critical to operational success.

All sides will attempt to determine adversary capabilities, objectives, and operational concepts. All sides will deploy their collection and analysis capabilities and will endeavor to conduct successful deceptions in attempts to gain surprise and provide operational security. Gaining and maintaining this intelligence dominance enhances the joint force commander's (JFC's) flexibility by opening additional operational options.

There are three levels of intelligence support--strategic, operational, and tactical.

Strategic intelligence is required for the formulation of strategy, policy, and military plans and operations at national and theater levels. Operational intelligence is required for planning and conducting campaigns and major operations to accomplish strategic objectives within theaters or areas of operations. Tactical intelligence is required for planning and conducting tactical operations.

Intelligence sources are the means or systems used to observe, sense and record, or convey information.

There are seven primary intelligence source types: imagery intelligence, human intelligence, signals intelligence, measurement and signature intelligence, open source intelligence, technical intelligence, and counterintelligence.

The intelligence cycle is a five step process that converts information into intelligence and is made available to users.

The US intelligence cycle has the following five steps: planning and direction, collection, processing, production, and dissemination. It is important to recognize the clear and critical distinction between information and intelligence. Information is data that have been collected but not further developed through analysis, interpretation, or correlation with other data and intelligence. The application of analysis transforms information into intelligence.

Intelligence provides the basis for action throughout the range of military operations.

Intelligence operations are the organized efforts of a commander to gather and analyze information on the environment of operations and the adversary. During peacetime operations, intelligence helps commanders make acquisition choices, protect technological advances, shape organizations, and design training to ready the joint force. During operations other than war, intelligence helps the JFC decide which forces to deploy; when, how, and where to deploy them; and how to employ them in a manner that accomplishes the mission at the lowest human and political cost. At the strategic level, the efforts of strategic intelligence operations should be focused in wartime to make intelligence available to the operational and tactical levels, providing continuity and depth of coverage even while units are deploying.

Intelligence supports all aspects of the campaign.

J-2s at all command levels focus on identifying adversary centers of gravity and providing timely, accurate intelligence to the JFC necessary to execute the plan. The J-2 and intelligence organizations should be guided by fundamental intelligence purposes. The J-2 should: Support the commander with complete and objective views of situations for timely and relevant decisionmaking. Assist in identifying and determining objectives. Provide intelligence for planning and conducting operations. Secure operations by avoiding deception and surprise. Secure operations through use of deception against the enemy. Assist in evaluating the effects of operations and reorienting forces or terminating operations.

National-level intelligence organizations support military instruments of policy that are being applied for national purposes.

National-level intelligence agencies and organizations that can support military operations should make that support available. Additionally, they should assist in identifying other potential intelligence requirements that may be addressable through their capabilities.

Commanders of combatant commands and subordinate joint force commanders define intelligence support needs.

The JFC is responsible for identifying intelligence resources and establishing intelligence support procedures. The scope of needs, resources, and procedures will depend on the mission, nature, and composition of the force. The combatant command's joint intelligence center (JIC) ensures the intelligence needs of the command and subordinate joint force commands are satisfied.

Service component commanders provide intelligence support.

Service component commanders develop component intelligence plans based on the plans of the joint force; plan reconnaissance operations for the component operations, consistent with joint force plans; ensure that feedback is provided to the JFC on Service-related issues affecting the joint command; and plan and develop implementing instructions for wartime intelligence support including augmentation of joint forces.

Target intelligence describes components of a target or target system and indicates their vulnerability and relative importance.

Targeting is the process of developing and selecting targets in response to the commander's guidance, objectives, commander's preparation of the battlespace and scenario, and matching the appropriate weapon system to them by taking into account existing operational requirements and capabilities. The targeting cycle concludes with combat assessment (battle damage assessment, munitions effects assessment, and reattack recommendation), which determines the effectiveness of operations in meeting combat or battle objectives and is the start of the retasking cycle. Targeting occurs at all levels of command within a joint force by operations and intelligence personnel. Targeting is sometimes complicated by the need to deconflict or synchronize targeting by different units within the joint force. Targeting should be based on campaign goals, intent, guidance, military objectives, the Law of Armed Conflict, and a thorough understanding of how the adversary state functions. The J-2 provides critical support throughout the six-step targeting cycle: 1) National Command Authorities/Commander's guidance and objectives, 2) target development, 3) weaponeering assessment, 4) force application, 5) execution planning and force execution, and 6) combat assessment.

The joint intelligence architecture provides a multimedia communications network.

The joint intelligence architecture provides the means to interconnect collectors, producers, and customers in an information network with interoperable systems that link the theater JICs, joint task force (JTF) joint intelligence support elements (JISEs), deployed intelligence elements, Service intelligence, and national intelligence organizations in a global grid.

The joint intelligence center (JIC) and the joint intelligence support element (JISE) are the primary intelligence organizations providing support to joint warfighting at all levels.

The JIC concept fuses the main support capabilities of all Service, Combat Support Agency, and combat units into a one stop shopping center for intelligence support. While in reality, a particular JIC cannot be expected to completely satisfy every request for information, it can coordinate support from other intelligence organizations above and below its echelon.

The JIC can be used at the: National level	At the national level, the National Military Joint Intelligence Center (NMJIC) is the focal point for all defense intelligence activities in support of joint operations and allows for efficient access to the entire DOD intelligence infrastructure in support of joint operations. The NMJIC serves the Washington, D.C. community, combatant commands, Services, and coalition partners and allies.
Theater/Regional level	At the theater/regional level, the JIC is the principal element for ensuring effective intelligence support for combatant commanders and theater forces.
The JISE supports the Joint Task Force level	At the joint task force level, the JTF JISE manages collection, analysis, and fusion of intelligence and dissemination up and down the echelon of intelligence and products for the joint operations area (JOA). The JISE is the hub of intelligence activity in the JOA and is responsible for providing he JTF commander, JTF staff, and JTF components with the complete air, space, ground, and maritime adversary situation by integrating and adding to the adversary situations developed by the combatant commanders' intelligence organization.

For multinational doctrines, differences in cultural and national perspectives must be understood in order to adapt doctrines or forge new ones.

The principles used in multinational intelligence are: adjust national differences among nations, effort against the common threat, determine and plan requirements for intelligence special arrangements, coordinate intelligence sharing, provide for complementary intelligence operations, operate a combined intelligence center, and conduct intelligence liaison exchange activities.

The role intelligence plays in successful operations cannot be overstated. Intelligence provides insights concerning exploitable opportunities to defeat the adversary and helps JFCs clearly define the desired end state and determine when that end state has been achieved. The JIC and JISE are the primary intelligence organizations providing support to joint warfighting at all levels.

12-12-1996; 13:37:22