1. Introduction

This chapter identifies responsibilities for intelligence support of joint operations. There should be firm commitment to cooperation and shared purpose among intelligence organizations supporting JFCs and joint operations. The cooperation and shared purpose must be based on requirements and capabilities, with the objective of ensuring timely, pertinent, and adequate intelligence support to US commanders and forces. This chapter states responsibilities for intelligence used in (a) assisting commanders in identifying and determining objectives and strategy, (b) assisting staffs and forces in planning operations, (c) supporting the conduct of operations, and (d) evaluating the effects of operations.

2. All Intelligence Organizations

All intelligence organizations involved in support of joint operations have certain common responsibilities. They should each have the responsibility to:

a. Provide intelligence to assist the JFC in the identification, nomination, and achievement of military objectives. The objectives and the JFC's strategy to achieve these objectives give the perspective for intelligence requirements and intelligence operations and activities.

b. Operate on the basis of sharing intelligence resources, expertise, and intelligence products. Rarely will a command or intelligence organization be able to depend entirely on its own capabilities to collect and produce all the necessary intelligence.

c. Identify at each echelon intelligence requirements that cannot be met by their organic capability.

3. National-Level Intelligence Organizations

National-level intelligence and combat support agencies are shown in Figure V-1 National-level intelligence agencies and organizations that can support military operations should make that support available. A part of the responsibility of a national agency should be support of those military instruments of policy that are being applied for national purposes. Additionally, they should assist in identifying other potential intelligence requirements that may be addressable through their capabilities.

a. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

• Provides direction and control of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) for the purpose of ensuring that adequate, timely, and reliable intelligence and CI support is available to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the combatant commands.

  Figure V-1.National-Level Intelligence and Combat Support Agencies.

• Executes intelligence functions through the Joint Staff Director for Intelligence, J-2.

• Keep the CJCS apprised of foreign situations that are relevant to current and potential national security policy, objectives, and strategy.

• Identify and nominate attainable military objectives to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that will help attain national security objectives.

• Assess the success of military operations against an adversary's capability and intent and for accomplishment of national security objectives.

• Tailor all-source intelligence support for joint operations, including:
  • Validating and prioritizing the requesting command's intelligence requirements.

  • Collection management focused on intelligence to be produced by DIA

    and other national intelligence organizations.

  • Intelligence analysis and production of intelligence, including order of battle, scientific and technical, estimative, threat, targeting, target and mission planning, CI, and strategic warning.

• Ensures that expeditious, tailored, all-source intelligence collection, production, and dissemination support is provided to DOD entities. This support includes selected intelligence planning, programming, and policy in support of conventional, special, and nuclear operations; collection and collection management support; and analysis for strategic warning, order of battle, threat, scientific and technical, current, estimative, CI, and target intelligence.

• Establishes standards of capability and interoperability for Joint and Service intelligence activities.

• Coordinates planning and programming of intelligence resources, including those for selected ADP systems, telecommunications, and survivability.

• Reviews proposed DOD intelligence programs to ensure interoperability and satisfaction of requirements.

• Provides DOD management of collection activities (e.g., HUMINT, IMINT, MASINT, OSINT, TECHINT).

• Plans and develops implementing instructions for provision of intelligence support to joint organizations across the range of military operations with emphasis on special operations, crisis response, and war.

• When authorized during crises and wartime, communicates directly with any military intelligence entity for the purpose of assembling, validating, and prioritizing intelligence collection and production requirements; tasking collection assets; processing intelligence and information; disseminating intelligence data; and ensuring that intelligence is also provided through the chain of command.

• Ensures that intelligence entities of combatant commands and subordinate joint forces are fully informed regarding the actual all-source national and Service unique intelligence capabilities to prevent unnecessary duplicative tasking of intelligence resources and to ensure that they are aware of when new capabilities are projected to become available for planning or operational support.

• Identifies critical intelligence needs of departmental and national users that must be satisfied in a timely manner by operational forces.

• Provides intelligence support for joint exercises.

• Exercise SIGINT operational control over all SIGINT activities of the United States, and execute the SECDEF's authorities as executive agent for US information systems security.

• Respond in a comprehensive, direct, and timely way to the validated and prioritized peacetime information requirements of military commanders.

• Respond immediately to the changing and time-sensitive needs of military commands in operations other than war and war in response to SIGINT requirements forwarded directly, or via other means, to NSA.

• Provide SIGINT support to command and control warfare.

• Function as the SIGINT and information systems security advisor to the SECDEF, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the combatant commands, and provide advice and assistance to military commands through NSA's representational activities attached to the commands.

• Develop Cryptologic Support Plans to command operation and campaign plans.

• Develop, test, and implement new concepts, plans, and procedures to improve SIGINT support to military commands.

• Provide SIGINT support to US and multinational military commands in coordination with US and allied SIGINT activities.

• Support US military operations consistent with procedures defined in Joint Publications for support to conventional and special operations missions and consistent with functions herein.

• Provide support to technical SIGINT operations of military commanders.

• Ensure that the capabilities of SIGINT activities, designed for wartime and contingency deployment, are productively used during peacetime in support of appropriate CINC readiness requirements.

• Provide systems development, engineering, and programmatic support to Joint/Service tactical SIGINT initiatives.

• In the case of mobile military SIGINT platforms, provide SIGINT support, and state movement requirements through appropriate channels to the military commanders who will retain responsibility for military command of the platforms.

• Conduct, participate in, and support both US and allied exercises to facilitate the use of SIGINT in military operations.

• Provide direct and dedicated SIGINT communications support to facilitate delivery of perishable SIGINT to military commands, and provide for continued SIGINT support to emergency or rapid recovery and reconstruction teams.

• Ensure that NSA and SCE personnel, through the military commanders and in conjunction with the Services, are adequately trained to fulfill cryptologic tasks across the range of military operations.

• Determine, in conjunction with combatant commanders and subordinate joint force commanders, when SIGINT operational tasking authority should be delegated by NSA to an appropriate commander.

e. Director, Central Intelligence Agency, and the Director of Central Intelligence. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) can contribute significant support for joint operations including intelligence used in (1) developing strategy, (2) determining objectives, (3) determining deception objectives, (4) planning operations, (5) conducting operations, and (6) in evaluating the effects of operations. The Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) has capabilities that are particularly relevant in supporting joint operations. The DCI directs major technical intelligence collection systems that service both strategic and operational intelligence requirements. The DCI also has responsibility for coordinating all US (1) intelligence sharing arrangements with foreign governments, (2) HUMINT activities, and (3) CI operations outside the United States. In crisis, when requested by Department of Defense and approved by the DCI, CIA can provide joint force commanders with tailored analytical and operational support through the CIA element of a NIST. CIA can also augment existing CIA representation to the National Military Joint Intelligence Center (NMJIC) and/or to the JIC/JISE.

f. Director, Defense Mapping Agency (DMA). The Director, DMA, is responsible for providing maps, charts, and geodetic support for operations. DMA can provide specialized and tailored mapping, charting, and geodesy (MC&G) products in time of criss especially for geographic areas where standard product coverage is unavailable or inadequate.

g. The Department of State. The Department of State and the American Foreign Service overtly collect information relevant to US foreign policy concerns. Senior Foreign Service Officers are assigned to each of the combatant commands where they serve as political advisors to the commander. Through its Bureau of Intelligence and Research, the Department of State can support joint military operations with political and economic intelligence.

h. Director, National Reconnaissance Office (NRO). The NRO is a DOD agency with the mission to ensure that the United States has the technology and spaceborne and airborne assets needed to acquire intelligence worldwide, including to support such functions as monitoring of arms control agreements, indications and warning, and the planning and conducting of military operations. The NRO accomplishes this mission through research and development, acquisition, and operation of spaceborne and airborne intelligence data collection systems.

i. Director, Central Imagery Office (CIO). The CIO manages national imagery collection requirements; provides advisory tasking to other imagery collection assets; establishes policy and guidance, and develops architectures addressing the current and future applications of imagery tasking, collection, processing, exploitation, and dissemination resources; develops requirements for future imagery systems; and sets imagery system standards to ensure compatibility and interoperability.

j. The Chiefs of the Military Services:

• Provide intelligence support for Departmental missions related to military systems, equipment, training, and support national intelligence activities in support of DOD entities, including combatant commands, subordinate joint commands, and Service components of those commands.

• Forward intelligence collection and production requirements to DIA and the Service component of the combatant command, as appropriate.

• Ensure that Service IMINT, SIGINT, and HUMINT units plan for and develop implementing instructions for crisis and wartime intelligence support, including the augmentation of joint forces.

• Ensure intelligence support for joint force exercises.

• Train personnel in required intelligence skills and languages.

4. Commanders of Combatant Commands and Subordinate Joint Force Commanders

As shown in Figure V-2, the JFC is responsible for defining intelligence support needs, identifying intelligence resources, and establishing intelligence support procedures. The scope of needs, resources, and procedures will depend on the mission, nature, and composition of the force. The combatant command's JIC ensures the intelligence needs of the command and subordinate joint commands are satisfied. Service component and Service intelligence capabilities will support the JFC. The JFC should:

a. Establish plans, policies, and overall requirements for the intelligence activities of the command, ensuring that policies are in consonance with the national and DOD intelligence directives.

b. Collect, process, produce, disseminate, and share intelligence. Coordinate the intelligence plans and operations of subordinate commanders. Ensure that the intelligence support structure enhances the secure, timely flow of tailored, all-source intelligence to higher or lower echelons and across component lines as required.

Figure V-2. JFC Intelligence Responsibilities

c. Forward appropriate intelligence promptly t the Joint Staff/J-2, to concerned Service organizations, and to other concerned JFCs.

d. Within command capabilities, fulfill intelligence requirements received from subordinate commands; validate, prioritize, and forward promptly to DIA those intelligence collection and production requirements that need to be satisfied by other than assigned resources.

e. Implement necessary CI and security measures in coordination with the CIA outside the United States and in coordination with the Federal Bureau of Investigation inside the United States.

f. Train for joint intelligence activities across the range of military operations to ensure interoperability and responsiveness of the intelligence structure, including organic and other collection, processing, and dissemination assets and activities.

g. Provide information concerning all-source tactical intelligence capabilities to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Military Departments.

h. Review and monitor the status of intelligence priorities throughout the program development process.

i. Debrief defectors and refugees and interrogate prisoners of war. Process captured documents, equipment, and other items of a technical nature.

j. Identify required intelligence support by revalidating or developing an intelligence plan in accordance with Joint Pub 5-03.2, "Joint Operation Planning and Execution System, Volume II (Planning and Execution Formats and Guidance)," which is documented in an operation or concept plan. The intelligence plan will provide a foundation for the procedures for intelligence support by joint forces.

• Responsibility for specific intelligence support within joint forces may be assigned to the component best able to perform the function.

• If no Service component within the joint force or subordinate command can perform a specific function, the JFC may request that DIA assist in obtaining the required collection, analysis, production, or dissemination support, or may establish an intelligence element. Examples of such intelligence support are as follows:
  • Preparation and reproduction of photographic mosaics, maps, charts, and graphic aids.

  • Management of intelligence collection and production requirements to include their monitoring to ensure satisfaction.

  • Organization and direction of joint interrogation teams and of joint document and equipment exploitation teams.

  • Provision of CI support.

l. Identify intelligence resource shortfalls critical to accomplishing assigned missions and submit in required operational capability format to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff or via a comparable validation mechanism through Service channels.

5. Service Component Commanders

a. Provide intelligence support to meet the operational requirements of the component and the identified requirements of other components and the joint command.

b. Develop component intelligence plans based on the plans of the joint force.

c. Plan reconnaissance operations for the component operations, consistent with joint force plans.

d. Ensure that feedback is provided to the JFC on Service-related issues affecting the joint command.

e. Plan and develop implementing instructions for wrtime intelligence support including augmentation of joint forces.

07-16-1996; 13:37:30