Department of Defense

INSTRUCTION NUMBER 2000.16

June 14, 2001

ASD(SO/LIC)

SUBJECT:   DoD Antiterrorism Standards 



References:  (a)  DoD Instruction 2000.16, "DoD Antiterrorism

Standards," January 8, 2001 (hereby canceled)



(b)  DoD Directive 2000.12, "DoD Antiterrorism/Force

Protection Program," April 13, 1999



(c)  DoD O-2000.12-H, "Protection of DoD Personnel and

Activities Against Acts of Terrorism and Political Turbulence,"

February 19, 1993



(d)  DoD Instruction 5210.84, "Security of DoD Personnel

at U.S. Missions Abroad," January 22, 1992



(e)  through (l), see enclosure 1



1.  REISSUANCE AND PURPOSE 



1.1.  This Instruction reissues reference (a), updates

policy implementation, assigns responsibilities, and

prescribes procedures under reference (b) for protection

of personnel and assets from acts of terrorism.



1.2.  Reference (c) assists the DoD Components to implement

this Instruction and reference (b).   Reference (d)

provides guidance for security of personnel at overseas

locations.   Specific guidance for DoD elements and

personnel under the responsibility of Department of

State (DOS) is outlined in the DoD/DOS Memorandum of

Understanding (MOU) references (e) and (f).   Reference

(g) refers to specific common criteria and minimum construction

standards to mitigate antiterrorism vulnerabilities

and terrorist threats.



2.  APPLICABILITY AND SCOPE 



2.1.  This Instruction applies to the Office of the

Secretary of Defense, the Military Departments, the

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant

Commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the

Department of Defense, the Defense Agencies, the Department

of Defense Field Activities, and all other organizational

entities within the Department of Defense (hereafter

referred to collectively as "the DoD Components"). 

 The term "Services," as used herein, refers to the

Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the Marine Corps, and

the Coast Guard.



2.2.  The standards in this Instruction apply only to

the DoD Antiterrorism (AT) portion of the Force Protection

(FP) program.



3.  DEFINITIONS 



Terms used in this Instruction are defined in enclosure

2.



4.  POLICY 



In accordance with reference (b), it is DoD policy:



4.1.  To protect DoD personnel, their families, installations,

facilities, information and other material resources

from terrorist acts.



4.2.  To establish primary standards for AT efforts

of the Department of Defense, supplemented by guidance

contained in DoD O-2000.12-H (reference (c)).



4.3.  That Commanders at all levels have the authority

to enforce security measures and are responsible for

protecting persons and property subject to their control.

  Nothing in this Instruction shall detract from, or

conflict with, the inherent and specified authorities

and responsibilities of the DoD Components and Commanders.



5.  RESPONSIBILITIES 



By authority of DoD Directive 2000.12 (reference (b)),

the following responsibilities are delineated:



5.1.  The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special

Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict, under the Under

Secretary of Defense (Policy), shall:



5.1.1.  Provide AT policy oversight and ensure compliance

with this Instruction by all Department of Defense Components,

both within and outside the United States.



5.1.2.  Develop, publish, and maintain this Instruction

to provide standards for protective measures that serve

to reduce the vulnerability of Department of Defense

personnel and their families to terrorist acts.



5.1.3.  Be the point of contact for the Department of

Defense with the Department of State for the standards

contained in this Instruction and be responsible at

the departmental level for resolving with the Department

of State any conflicts between any DoD Component and

any United States Country Team with respect to such

standards.   See reference (f).



5.2.  The Heads of the DoD Components shall:



5.2.1.  Ensure compliance with this Instruction.



5.2.2.  Identify the level of command (i.e., the specific

subordinate commanders) required to meet these standards.



6.  PROCEDURES 



All DoD Components shall utilize the definitions in

enclosure 2 and the standards contained in enclosure

3 to implement the Department of Defense AT policies

within their organizations.



7.  INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 



The review, assessment, and reporting of AT programs

is exempt from licensing in accordance with paragraphs

C4.4.1., C4.4.2., C4.4.7., and C4.4.8. of DoD 8910.1-M

(reference (j)).



8.  EFFECTIVE DATE 



This Instruction is effective immediately.



Enclosures - 3 



E1.  References, continued



E2.  Definitions



E3.  Department of Defense Antiterrorism (AT) Standards



E1.  ENCLOSURE 1



REFERENCES, continued



(e)  "Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department

of State and the Department of Defense on Overseas Security

Support, September 17, 1990



(f)  Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department

of State and Department of Defense on Security on the

Arabian Peninsula, September 15, 1996, and subsequent

State-DoD Memorandum of Understanding on Security, December

16, 1997, applicable worldwide



(g)  Interim Department of Defense Antiterrorism/Force

Protection (AT/FP) Construction Standards Memorandum,

December 16, 1999



(h)  Department of Defense Deputy Directorate for Operations

(Combating Terrorism) J-34, AT/FP Planning Template

CD-ROM and Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Appendix



(i)  Joint Pub 3-07.2, "Joint Tactics, Techniques, and

Procedures for Antiterrorism," March 17, 1998



(j)  DoD 8910.1-M, "DoD Procedures for Management of

Information Requirements," June 30, 1998



(k)  Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Force Protection

Security Classification Guide, Joint Staff Integrated

Vulnerability Assessment Program, August 2000



(l)  DoD 5240.1-R, "Procedures Governing the Activities

of DoD Intelligence Components That Affect United States

Persons," December 1982



E2.  ENCLOSURE 2



DEFINITIONS



E2.1.1.  Antiterrorism (AT).   Defensive measures used

to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property

to terrorist acts, to include limited response and containment

by local military and civilian forces.   The AT program

is one of several security-related programs that fall

under the overarching Force Protection and Combating

Terrorism programs.   An AT program is a collective

effort that seeks to reduce the likelihood that Department

of Defense affiliated personnel, their families, facilities,

and materiel will be subject to a terrorist attack,

and to prepare to respond to the consequences of such

attacks should they occur.



E2.1.2.  Antiterrorism Plan (AT Plan).   An AT Plan

is the specific measures taken to establish and maintain

an AT Program.



E2.1.3.  Antiterrorism Officer (ATO).   The installation,

base, regional, facility, or deploying AT advisor charged

with managing the AT Program.



E2.1.4.  Combating Terrorism (CbT).   Combating terrorism

within the Department of Defense encompasses all actions,

including antiterrorism (defensive measures taken to

reduce vulnerability to terrorist acts), counterterrorism

(offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond

to terrorism), terrorism consequence management (preparation

for and response to the consequences of a terrorist

incident/event), and intelligence support (collection

and dissemination of terrorism-related information)

taken to oppose terrorism throughout the entire threat

spectrum, to include terrorist use of chemical, biological,

radiological, nuclear materials or high-yield explosive

devices (CBRNE).



E2.1.5.  Counterterrorism (CT).   Offensive measures

taken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism.



E2.1.6.  Department of Defense (DoD) Terrorism Threat

Analysis Methodology.   See DoD O-2000.12-H (reference

(c)) for an explanation of the DoD Terrorism Threat

Analysis Methodology.



E2.1.7.  Force Protection (FP).   Security programs

designed to protect Service members, civilian employees,

family members, facilities, information, and equipment

in all locations and situations, accomplished through

the planned and integrated application of combating

terrorism, physical security, operations security, personal

protective services, and supported by intelligence,

counterintelligence, and security programs.



E2.1.8.  High-Risk Billet.   Authorized personnel billet

(identified and recommended by appropriate authority)

that because of grade, assignment, travel itinerary,

or symbolic value may make personnel filling them an

especially attractive or accessible terrorist target.



E2.1.9.  High-Risk Personnel.   Personnel who, by their

grade, assignment, symbolic value, or relative isolation

are likely to be attractive or accessible terrorist

targets.



E2.1.10.  Terrorism.   The calculated use of violence

or threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to

coerce or to intimidate governments or societies, in

the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious,

or ideological.



E2.1.11.  Terrorism Consequence Management (TCM).  

DoD preparedness and response for mitigating the consequences

of a terrorist incident including the terrorist use

of a weapon of mass destruction.   DoD consequence management

activities are designed to support the lead Federal

Agency (domestically, Federal Emergency Management Agency

(FEMA); overseas, DOS) and include measures to alleviate

damage, loss of life, hardship or suffering caused by

the incident; protect public health and safety; and

restore emergency essential Government services.



E2.1.12.  Terrorist Incident Response Measures.   A

set of procedures in place for response forces to deal

with the effects of a terrorist incident.



E2.1.13.  Terrorism Threat Assessment.   The process

used to conduct a threat analysis and develop an evaluation

of a potential terrorist threat.   Also, it is the product

of a threat analysis for a particular unit, installation,

or activity.



E2.1.14.  Terrorist Force Protection Conditions.   A

DoD-approved system standardizing the Departments' identification

of and recommended preventive actions and responses

to terrorists threats against U.S. personnel and facilities.

  This system is the principle means for a commander

to apply an operational decision on how to protect against

terrorism and facilitates inter-Service coordination

and support for antiterrorism activities.



E2.1.15.  Terrorism Threat Analysis.   In antiterrorism,

threat analysis is a continual process of compiling

and examining all available information concerning potential

terrorist activities by terrorist groups that could

target a facility.   A threat analysis will review the

factors of terrorist operational capability, activity,

intentions, and operating environment.



E2.1.16.  Vulnerability 



E2.1.16.1.  In antiterrorism, a situation or circumstance,

if left unchanged, that may result in the loss of life

or damage to mission-essential resources.



E2.1.16.2.  The susceptibility of a nation or military

force to any action by any means through which its war

potential or combat effectiveness may be reduced or

will to fight diminished.



E2.1.16.3.  The characteristics of a system that cause

it to suffer a definite degradation (incapability to

perform the designated mission) as a result of having

been subjected to a certain level of effects in an unnatural

(manmade) hostile environment.



E2.1.17.  Vulnerability Assessment.   The process the

commander uses to determine the susceptibility to attack

from the full range of threats to the security of personnel,

family members, and facilities, which provide a basis

for determining antiterrorism measures that, can protect

personnel and assets from terrorist attacks.



E2.1.18.  Weapons of Mass Destruction.   Any weapon

or device that is intended, or has the capability of

a high order of destruction and/or of being used in

such a manner as to destroy large numbers of people.

  Can be nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological,

or large explosive device weapons, but excludes the

means of transporting or propelling the weapon where

such means is a separable and divisible part of the

weapon.



E3.  ENCLOSURE 3



DoD ANTITERRORISM (AT) STANDARDS



E3.1.1.  The AT Standards required to implement DoD

policy are:



E3.1.1.1.  DoD STANDARD 1:   DoD AT Policy.   Combatant

Commanders, Chiefs of Service, and Directors of DoD

Agencies and Field Activities (hereafter referred to

collectively as "CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD Agencies")

are responsible for the implementation of DoD AT policies

within their organizations.



E3.1.1.2.  DoD STANDARD 2:   Development of AT Standards.

  CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD Agencies shall develop

and implement a comprehensive AT program under their

respective control to comply with all the standards

contained in this Instruction.   CINCs and/or Services

and/or DoD Agencies shall use standards contained herein

as baseline standards.   CINCs and/or Services and/or

Agencies may promulgate unique requirements in their

implementing directives to supplement the standards

contained herein.   As a minimum, these standards shall

address the following areas:



E3.1.1.2.1.  Procedures to collect and analyze terrorist

threat information, threat capabilities, and vulnerabilities

to terrorist attacks.   This is a joint responsibility

of CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD Agencies, and the

intelligence community.



E3.1.1.2.2.  Terrorism threat assessment, Vulnerability

Assessments, Terrorist Incident Response Measures, and

Terrorist Consequence Management measures.



E3.1.1.2.3.  AT Plans and procedures to enhance AT protection.



E3.1.1.2.4.  Procedures to identify AT requirements

and to program for resources necessary to meet security

requirements.



E3.1.1.2.5.  Construction considerations.



E3.1.1.3.  DoD STANDARD 3:   Assignment of AT Operational

Responsibility. When antiterrorism responsibilities

for the CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD Agencies conflict

or overlap, and are not otherwise governed by law, a

specific DoD policy, or an appropriate memorandum of

agreement, the geographic CINC's force protection policies

will take precedence over all force protection policies

or programs of any DoD Component deployed in that command's

area of responsibility (AOR) and not otherwise under

the security responsibility of the Department of State.

  Commanders at all levels shall take appropriate measures

to protect DoD personnel, families, facilities, and

materiel, and reduce the vulnerability to terrorist

use of WMD.



E3.1.1.4.  DoD STANDARD 4:   AT Coordination in Overseas

Locations 



E3.1.1.4.1.  CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD Agencies

in overseas locations shall coordinate their AT efforts

with host nation authorities and the U.S. Embassy, as

appropriate.   DoD Intelligence and Counterintelligence

elements shall coordinate their activities in support

of AT plans and programs through established DoD procedures.

  See reference (d).



E3.1.1.4.2.  CINCs with geographic responsibilities

shall coordinate AT matters with Chiefs of Missions

(COMs) for countries within their AOR and with functional

CINCs and DoD Agencies whose personnel are stationed

in or transit the geographic CINC's AOR.   To ensure

timely geographic CINC visibility of additional AT obligations,

DoD Components whose personnel will station in or transit

the AOR of a geographic CINC shall initiate coordination

of AT matters with the geographic CINC.   See reference

(d).



E3.1.1.4.2.1.  The following CINCs shall serve as Executive

Agents to negotiate CINC-COM MOAs:



E3.1.1.4.2.1.1.  USCINCSOUTH for Mexico.



E3.1.1.4.2.1.2.  USCINCJFCOM for Canada.



E3.1.1.4.2.1.3.  USCINCEUR for the Russian Federation

west of 100° East.



E3.1.1.4.2.1.4.  USCINCPAC for the Russian Federation

east of 100° East.



E3.1.1.4.3.  DoD elements not under the force protection

responsibility of a geographic CINC, by law or under

provisions of a CINC-COM MOA, shall comply with the

State Department's Overseas Security Policy Board (OSPB)

Security Standards.   See references (d) and (e).



E3.1.1.4.4.  The Director of the Defense Intelligence

Agency (DIA), acting as the Department of Defense's

executive agent for diplomatic security matters, through

the United States Defense Representative (USDR), shall

ensure that non-CINC-assigned DoD elements, whose AT

responsibility rests with the COM, comply with OSPB

standards.   See reference (d).



E3.1.1.4.5.  In those countries covered by the Memorandum

of Understanding (MOU) between the Department of State

and the Department of Defense on Security of DoD Elements

and Personnel in Foreign Areas (reference (e)), the

designated DoD representative for resolution of disputes

with DOS officials is the Deputy Assistant Secretary

of Defense for Combating Terrorism Policy and Support

(CTP&S), or his designated representative.   CINCs who

have concerns about DOS standards shall bring them to

the attention of DASD (CTP&S) through the Chairman of

the Joint Chiefs of Staff.   See reference (f).



E3.1.1.5.  DoD STANDARD 5:   Comprehensive AT Development,

Implementation, and Assessment.   Commanders at all

levels shall develop and implement a comprehensive AT

program for personnel under their respective control

designed to accomplish all the standards contained in

this Instruction.



E3.1.1.5.1.  AT Management.   To develop and implement

AT programs and plans, CINCs and/or Services and/or

DoD Agencies shall designate a full-time staff officer

in writing to supervise, inspect, exercise, review,

assess, and report on the AT programs within the theater

or command.   At the theater level, Component Commanders

provide the critical linkage from the CINC to the operating

forces.   Therefore, Component Commanders are responsible

to provide direct AT support to all forces, including

transit forces.   This direct support should include

threat and vulnerability assessments of routes and sites

used by transiting forces, intelligence support, and

AT augmentation.   In order to effectively implement

the standards in this Instruction, Component Commanders

shall maintain a full-time Antiterrorism Officer (ATO)

and consider a full-time AT/FP staff.



E3.1.1.5.2.  Another critical link to operating forces

is logistics support.   The logistics contracting process

for support of operational forces shall incorporate

considerations for AT measures during contracting requirements,

award, execution, and the evaluation process when the

effort to be contracted for could affect the security

of operating forces, particularly in-transit forces.

  Geographic CINCs shall ensure that Component Commanders,

in coordination with the relevant country team, verify

that all logistics support contracts and agreements

consider AT for a particular security environment. 

 During the evaluation process, future contract awards

shall consider adequate AT performance.



E3.1.1.5.3.  Elements of the Comprehensive AT Development,

Implementation, and Assessment.   AT program elements

include threat assessments, vulnerability assessments,

planning, exercises, program reviews, and training.

  The



process, or sequence, of AT program elements should

be iterative and serve continuously to refine the AT

Plan.



E3.1.1.6.  DoD STANDARD 6:   Antiterrorism Officers

(ATOs) shall be assigned in writing at each installation

or base, as well as deploying organization (e.g., battalion,

squadron, ship).   Commanders shall designate a commissioned

officer, non-commissioned officer, or civilian staff

officer in writing as the ATO who shall be trained in

AT procedures in a formal Service-approved Level II

AT Training course.



E3.1.1.7.  DoD STANDARD 7:   Application of Department

of Defense Terrorism Threat Analysis Methodology.  

Commanders shall use the Department of Defense Terrorism

Threat Level classification system to identify the terrorism

threat in a specific overseas country.



E3.1.1.7.1.  The Department of Defense Terrorism Threat

Level classification system is a set of standardized

terms used to quantify the level of terrorism threat

on a country-by-country basis.   The Terrorism Threat

Level terms are Low, Moderate, Significant, and High.

  The system evaluates the threat using a variety of

analytical threat factors.   Defense Terrorism Warning

Reports are used to convey that terrorist groups are

operationally active and specifically targeting U.S.

interests, and are issued by either the DIA or the Combatant

Commanders, regardless of a country's assigned threat

level.   See reference (c).



E3.1.1.7.2.  The DIA sets the DoD Terrorism Threat Level

identifying the potential risk to DoD interests in a

particular country.   The DIA will coordinate, for clarity

purposes, with DOS to minimize conflicting threat levels

assigned by each organization.   The DoD Terrorism Threat

Level applies whether or not U.S. personnel are present

in the country.   CINCs, with geographic responsibilities,

may also set Terrorism Threat Levels for specific personnel,

family members, units, and installations in countries

within the CINC's area of responsibility, using the

definitions established by DIA.   Commanders at all

levels shall use their own threat analysis as the basis

for developing plans and programs to protect assets

for which they have AT responsibility.   Terrorism Threat

Levels are estimates with no direct relationship to

specific Force Protection Conditions.   A Force Protection

Condition is a security posture promulgated by the commander

in consideration of a variety of factors (e.g., a terrorist

threat analysis, Threat Level, etc.).   Terrorism Threat

Levels should not be confused with Force Protection

Conditions.



E3.1.1.7.3.  Effective application of the Terrorism

Threat Level classification system requires an integrated

terrorism threat analysis, incorporating information

collection and analysis from all sources, coupled with

a thorough understanding of the threat analysis factors.

  Threat analysis factors must be viewed in the context

of the specific security environment pertaining to individuals,

deployed units, facilities and installations resident

in the country being analyzed.   An integrated terrorism

threat assessment uses a variety of intelligence information

about a specified terrorist group to determine an individual,

unit, facility, and, or an installation's vulnerability

to a specific form of terrorist attack based on capabilities

of terrorists and terrorist groups.   Thus, the threat

analysis should be supported by intelligence gathering

(overseas) and information gathering (domestically)

on the part of appropriate authorities.



E3.1.1.8.  DoD STANDARD 8:   Threat Information Collection

and Analysis.   Commanders shall task the appropriate

organizations under their command to gather, analyze,

and disseminate terrorism threat information, as appropriate.



E3.1.1.8.1.  To support the commander, the Services

should continuously ensure that forces are trained to

maximize the use of information derived from law enforcement

liaison, intelligence and counterintelligence processes

and procedures.   This includes intelligence procedures

for handling priority intelligence requests for in-transit

units, as well as implementation of procedures to conduct

intelligence preparation of the battlefield and mission

analysis.



E3.1.1.8.2.  Identifying the potential terrorism threats

to DoD personnel and assets is the first step in developing

an effective AT program.   Commanders at all levels

who understand the threat can assess their ability to

prevent, survive, and prepare to respond to an attack.



E3.1.1.8.3.  A Terrorism Threat Assessment requires

the analysis of all available information on terrorist

activities.   In addition to tasking appropriate agencies

to collect information, commanders at all levels can

and should encourage personnel under their command to

report information on individuals, events, or situations

that could pose a threat to the security of DoD personnel,

families, facilities, and resources.



E3.1.1.9.  DoD STANDARD 9:   Threat Information Flow.

  Commanders at all levels shall forward up and down

the chain of command all information pertaining to suspected

terrorist threats, or acts of terrorism involving DoD

personnel or assets for which they have AT responsibility.



E3.1.1.9.1.  The pattern of terrorist surveillance,

targeting and planning is best recognized through sharing

of information.   These efforts shall include the chain

of command and the interagency process at the appropriate

level.



E3.1.1.9.2.  When local information indicates gaps,

unit commanders should forward timely requests for information

via appropriate intelligence collection and production

channels.   Likewise, Component Commanders shall provide

transiting units with tailored terrorist threat information

(see Standard 23).



E3.1.1.10.  DoD STANDARD 10:   Potential Threat of Terrorist

Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD).   Commanders

at all levels shall take appropriate measures to protect

DoD personnel, families, facilities, and materiel, and

reduce the vulnerability to terrorist use of WMD.  

Thus, CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD Agencies shall

develop WMD Threat Assessments for potential terrorist

use of WMD against personnel and assets for which they

have AT responsibility.   Reports through the chain

of command shall be processed immediately when significant

information is obtained identifying organizations with

WMD capabilities.



E3.1.1.11.  DoD STANDARD 11:   Adjustment of Force Protection

Conditions.   Combatant Commanders have ultimate antiterrorism

and force protection authority and responsibility within

their AOR.   Service Chiefs are responsible for antiterrorism

and force protection authority for those personnel and

assets for which they have AT responsibility within

the 48 contiguous States.   Commanders at all levels

shall develop a process, based on terrorism threat information

and/or guidance from higher headquarters, to raise or

lower Force Protection Conditions.



E3.1.1.12.  DoD STANDARD 12:   Force Protection Condition

Measures Implementation.   CINCs and/or Services and/or

DoD Agencies shall ensure that Force Protection Condition

transition procedures and measures are properly disseminated

and implemented by subordinate commanders.



E3.1.1.13.  DoD STANDARD 13:   Force Protection Condition

Measures.   Commanders at all levels, both stationary

and in transit, shall develop site-specific measures

or action tasks for each Force Protection Condition

which supplement those measures/actions enumerated for

each Force Protection Condition as listed within Appendix

A of DoD 2000.12-H (reference (c)).   An AT Plan with

a complete listing of site-specific AT measures, linked

to a Force Protection Condition, will be classified,

as a minimum, CONFIDENTIAL.   When separated from the

AT Plan, specific AT measures and Force Protection Conditions

remain FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY.   These measures will

change as the threat situation increases from Force

Protection Condition Normal to Force Protection Condition

Delta.



E3.1.1.13.1.  In developing site-specific Force Protection

Condition measures, the Commander must always consider

those additional Force Protection Condition measures

which permit sufficient time and space to determine

hostile intent particularly in accordance with the Standing

Rules of Engagement.   The Component Commander's organic

intelligence, counterintelligence, and law enforcement

resources, institutional knowledge of their area of

AT responsibility and comprehensive understanding of

unit capabilities, supported by national and theater

assets, shall be leveraged in directing tailored Force

Protection Condition measures to be implemented at specific

sites for both stationary and in-transit units.   To

support both the Component and local commanders in this

effort, CINCs with geographic responsibilities should

negotiate with host nations for authority to implement

AT measures to provide such time and space.



E3.1.1.13.2.  Commanders at all levels shall establish

local measures to supplement reference (c) procedures

to transition between Force Protection Conditions. 

 Whereas Terrorism Threat Levels are analytical assessments

of terrorist activity in a country, Force Protection

Conditions are graduated categories of measures or actions

commanders take to protect personnel and assets from

attack.



E3.1.1.13.3.  Commanders at all levels shall set a local

Force Protection Condition.   Subordinate commanders

may raise a higher-level commander's Force Protection

Condition for those personnel and assets for which they

have AT responsibilities.   However, subordinate commanders

shall not lower a higher-level commander's Force Protection

Condition without the higher-level commander's concurrence.

  Commanders shall ensure proper notifications are made.



E3.1.1.14.  DoD STANDARD 14:   Commanders shall maintain

a comprehensive AT program for those personnel and assets

for which they have AT responsibilties.   Planning is

critical to deterrence, detection, defense, and response

to terrorist incidents.   Where possible, commanders

may use as a guide the Department of Defense Deputy

Directorate for Operations (Combating Terrorism) J-34,

AT/FP Planning Template CD-ROM and Weapons of Mass Destruction

(WMD) Appendix (reference (h)).   The AT Plan and elements

shall clearly describe site-specific AT measures.  

The AT Plan and elements should be written from the

CINC, Service, or DoD Agency level, down to the installation

level for permanent operations or locations, and incorporated

in operations orders for temporary operations or exercises.



E3.1.1.14.1.  To be proactive, all AT programs shall

include tenets of countersurveillance (CS), counterintelligence

(CI), and other specialized skills as a matter of routine,

and shall identify an appropriate organization as the

focal point for the integration of local and/or host

nation intelligence, counterintelligence, and criminal

intelligence information into AT operations.   To that

end, commanders at all levels shall constantly strive

to ensure that proactive techniques and assets can be

incorporated to detect and deter terrorists.   CINCs

and Services should ensure Component Commanders incorporate

CI/CS assets in support of in-transit units, particularly

at higher threat-level areas.



E3.1.1.14.2.  At a minimum, the AT Plan shall address

the following key elements.   These key elements must

be integrated into and/or support a comprehensive AT

plan.   Thus, standalone documents (e.g., Standard Operating

Procedures, local regulations, or Operations Orders

that articulate requirements for these key elements)

shall be replicated in and/or referenced in the AT Plan.

  The AT Plan can also be a part of a stand-alone document:



E3.1.1.14.2.1.  Terrorism Threat Assessment.



E3.1.1.14.2.2.  Vulnerability Assessment (see Standard

26).



E3.1.1.14.2.3.  Risk Assessment.



E3.1.1.14.2.4.  AT Physical Security measures.



E3.1.1.14.2.5.  Terrorist Incident Response measures.



E3.1.1.14.2.6.  Terrorist Consequence Management measures.



E3.1.1.15.  DoD STANDARD 15:   Terrorism Threat Assessment.

  Commanders shall prepare a terrorism threat assessment

for those personnel and assets for which they have AT

responsibilities.   Threat assessment shall be prepared

at least annually and should identify the full range

of known or estimated terrorist capabilities for use

in conducting vulnerability assessments and planning

countermeasures.   Threat analysis is required to adequately

support risk management decisions of both stationed

forces within, and those in-transit through, higher-threat

areas including ports, airfields, and inland movement

routes.   Terrorism threat assessments shall be the

basis and justification for recommendations on AT enhancements,

program/budget requests, and the establishment of Force

Protection Conditions.



E3.1.1.15.1.  The terrorism threat assessment is the

tool that commanders use to arrive at a judgment of

risk and consequences of terrorist attack.   Commanders

shall integrate threat information prepared by the intelligence

community, technical information from security and engineering

planners, and information from other sources to prepare

their assessments.   In addition to the annual threat

assessment used for AT Program planning, continuous

analysis of threat information is required to support

the threat warning process.



E3.1.1.15.2.  CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD Agencies

shall designate which subordinate commanders will prepare

these terrorism threat assessments.   This normally

applies to installation commanders and above.



E3.1.1.15.3.  Terrorism Threat Assessments should include,

as a minimum, liaison with the country team, host nation

security, husbanding contractor, and port authority,

where applicable.



E3.1.1.15.4.  Risk Assessment.   Risk assessments provide

the commanders with a method that assists them in making

resource allocation decisions designed to protect their

people and assets from possible terrorist threats in

a resource-constrained environment.   Commanders shall

conduct risk assessments to integrate threat and vulnerability

assessment information in order to make conscious and

informed decisions to commit resources or enact policies

and procedures that either mitigate the threat or define

the risk.   Risk assessment allows the commander to

obtain a clear picture of the current AT posture and

identify those areas that need improvement.   During

the risk assessment, important information is also collected

that can be used when writing the overall AT Plan. 

 While conducting risk assessments, commanders shall

consider the factors of threat, asset criticality, and

vulnerability of facilities, programs and systems, as

well as deterrence/response capabilities.   Risk assessments

shall analyze the following four elements:



E3.1.1.15.4.1.  The terrorist threat.



E3.1.1.15.4.2.  The criticality of the assets.



E3.1.1.15.4.3.  The vulnerability of facilities, programs,

and systems to terrorist threats.



E3.1.1.15.4.4.  The ability to conduct activities to

deter terrorist incidents, employ countermeasures, mitigate

the effects of a terrorist incident, and recover from

a terrorist incident.



E3.1.1.16.  DoD STANDARD 16:   AT Physical Security

Measures.   AT Physical Security measures shall be considered,

must support, and must be referenced within the AT Plan

to ensure an integrated approach to terrorist threats.

  Where there are multiple commanders at an installation,

the Installation Commander is responsible for coordinating

and integrating individual unit physical security plans

and measures into the AT Plan.



E3.1.1.16.1.  The AT Physical Security measures shall

integrate facilities, equipment, trained personnel,

and procedures into a comprehensive effort designed

to provide maximum AT protection to personnel and assets.

  Well-designed AT Physical Security measures include

detection, assessment, delay, denial, and notification.

  This is best accomplished through the development

of a synchronized matrix that outlines who will do what,

where, when, and how.



E3.1.1.16.2.  These measures should include provisions

for the use of physical structures:   physical security

equipment; chemical, biological, or radiological detection

and protection equipment; security procedures; Random

Antiterrorism Measures (RAMs); response forces; and

emergency measures sufficient to achieve the desired

level of AT protection and preparedness to respond to

a terrorist attack.   RAMs constitute a particularly

effective method of deterrence of terrorist attack and

shall be used for both in-place and transiting forces.



E3.1.1.17.  DoD STANDARD 17:   Terrorist Incident Response

Measures.   Limiting the effects and the number of casualties

resulting from an attack will undermine the terrorists'

overall objectives.   An effective incident response

strategy and capability can contribute to deterring

terrorist attacks if our adversaries recognize the U.S.

ability to limit the effects of their attacks.   Thus,

Installation and/or Afloat Commanders shall prepare

installation-wide and/or shipboard terrorist incident

response measures.   These measures shall include procedures

for determining the nature and scope of incidence response;

procedures for coordinating security, fire, and medical

First Responders; and steps to reconstitute the installation's

ability to perform AT measures.   Terrorist Incident

Response measures should address the full scope of an

installation's response to a terrorist incident.   The

nature of the response will depend on many factors.

  The character of operations underway at the time of

the terrorist incident will have significant bearing

on the scope, magnitude, and intensity of response.



E3.1.1.17.1.  Likewise, CINCs with geographic responsibilities

shall prepare theater-wide terrorist incident response

measures.   It is critical that geographic CINCs are

able to deploy in a timely manner an organic Terrorist

Incident Response team capable of providing advise to

the host nation, supporting emergency lifesaving and

rescue functions, providing protection to DoD personnel

and property, reducing the effects of further damage,

and when appropriate, conducting/supporting criminal

investigations.   This preparation shall include the

integration of teams in contingency planning for in-transit

units.



E3.1.1.17.2.  Inclusion of Off-Installation Personnel

in AT Plans.   Commanders shall ensure Terrorism Incident

Response measures contain current residential location

information for all assigned DoD personnel and their

dependents, when stationed outside of the United States,

territories and possessions in Moderate, Significant,

and High Terrorism Threat Level areas.   Such measures

should provide for enhanced security and/or possible

evacuation of DoD personnel and their dependents.  

Furthermore, commanders in Moderate, Significant, and

High Terrorism Threat Level areas should investigate

special security arrangements to protect DoD personnel

and their dependents living on the civilian economy.

  Close coordination with other U.S. Government Agencies

and the host nation is essential to ensure effective

allocation of security resources and protection of DoD

personnel.



E3.1.1.18.  DoD STANDARD 18:   Terrorist Consequence

Management Measures.   Although not an element of AT,

Commanders shall include terrorist consequence management

preparedness and response measures as an adjunct to

the installation AT Plan.   The Terrorist Consequence

Management measures should include emergency response

and disaster planning and/or preparedness to respond

to a terrorist attack for installation and/or base engineering,

logistics, medical, mass casualty response, transportation,

personnel administration, and local and/or host nation

support.   In addition, special circumstances imposed

by the nature of a terrorist attack may require broader

analyses to include higher levels of authority or command.

  Terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction, or terrorist

attacks on dignitaries while visiting DoD installations,

will require immediate close coordination with higher

command and the host nation and/or Federal, State and

local authorities.



E3.1.1.19.  DoD STANDARD 19:   Training and Exercises.

  Commanders (ship, squadron, battalion-level and above)

shall conduct field and staff training to exercise AT

Plans, to include AT Physical Security measures, Terrorist

Incident Response measures, and Terrorist Consequence

Management measures, at least annually.   AT training

and exercises shall be provided the same emphasis afforded

combat task training and executed with the intent to

identify shortfalls impacting the protection of personnel

and assets against terrorist assault and subsequent

consequence management efforts.   AT Training, particularly

pre-deployment training, shall be supported by measurable

standards and include credible deterrence/response,

tactics, techniques and procedures.   AT Training shall

also be incorporated into unit-level training plans

and pre-deployment exercises.   To realize incorporation

of lessons learned, commanders should maintain exercise

documentation for no less than one year.



E3.1.1.19.1.  Commanders (ship, squadron, battalion-level

and above) shall ensure joint operations and/or exercises

incorporate AT training and planning for forces involved.



E3.1.1.19.2.  Pre-deployment training regimes shall

include credible deterrence and response standards and

deterrence-specific tactics, techniques, and procedures.

  Pre-deployment training shall also include terrorist

scenarios and hostile intent decision-making.



E3.1.1.20.  DoD STANDARD 20:   Comprehensive AT Review.

  Commanders at all levels shall review their own AT

program and plans at least annually to facilitate AT

program enhancement.   Furthermore, for the same purpose,

commanders at all levels shall likewise review the AT

Program and Plan of their immediate subordinate in the

chain of command at least annually.   While such reviews

do not constitute a vulnerability assessment, they are

intended to ensure compliance with the standards contained

in this Instruction.   To ensure the design and implementation

of physical security measures coincident with the AT

program are consistent with the local Terrorist Threat

Level, AT programs shall also be reviewed when the Terrorism

Threat Level changes.



E3.1.1.21.  DoD STANDARD 21:   General Requirements

for AT Training.   CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD

Agencies shall ensure all assigned personnel receive

appropriate training to advance AT awareness.   Individual

records shall be updated to reflect AT training in accordance

with DoD Component policy.



E3.1.1.22.  DoD STANDARD 22:   Level I AT Awareness

Training.   CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD Agencies

shall ensure that every military Service member, DoD

employee, and local national hired by the Department

of Defense, regardless of rank, is made aware of the

need to maintain vigilance for possible terrorist actions

and employ AT tactics, techniques and procedures, as

discussed in DoD O-2000.12-H and Joint Pub 3-07.2 (references

(c) and (i)).   Furthermore, the DoD Components shall

offer Level I AT Awareness Training to contractor employees,

under terms and conditions as specified in the contract.



E3.1.1.22.1.  Family members.   CINCs and/or Services

and/or DoD Agencies shall ensure that every family member

accompanying DoD personnel overseas is made aware of

the need to maintain vigilance for possible terrorist

actions and employ AT tactics, techniques, and procedures,

as discussed in references (c) and (i).   Thus, family

members 14 years and older (or younger at discretion

of the Department of Defense sponsor) traveling beyond

CONUS on official business (i.e., on an accompanied

permanent change of station move) shall receive Level

I AT Awareness Training as part of their pre-departure

requirements.   Furthermore, the commander should encourage

family members to receive Level I AT Awareness Training

prior to any OCONUS travel (i.e., leave).



E3.1.1.22.2.  Individual security awareness and individual

AT training are essential elements of an overall AT

program.   Each individual must be exposed at the earliest

opportunity to share in the responsibility of ensuring

alertness and the application of personal protection

measures.   Therefore, CINCs and/or Services and/or

DoD Agencies shall provide Level I AT Awareness Training

in basic training or in general military subject training

for all initial-entry Service and DoD Agency personnel.



E3.1.1.22.3.  Thereafter, CINCs and/or Services and/or

DoD Agencies shall provide Level I AT Awareness Training:



E3.1.1.22.3.1.  Annually to all OCONUS-based DoD personnel.



E3.1.1.22.3.2.  Annually to all CONUS-based DoD personnel

who are eligible for OCONUS deployment.   Active uniformed

CONUS-based members of the CINCs and Services shall

receive Level I training annually.   Subsequently, DoD

personnel deploying OCONUS shall be provided within

3 months of deployment an AOR update (refer to DoD STANDARD

23, below).



E3.1.1.22.3.3.  Annually to all CONUS-based DoD personnel,

regardless of duty status, if the CONUS Terrorism Threat

Level is promulgated above "MODERATE."



E3.1.1.22.4.  Individuals may become qualified to administer

Level I AT Awareness Training via two methods:



E3.1.1.22.4.1.  Attending a formal Service-approved

Level II ATO Training course of instruction (see Table

E3.T1. for minimum training standards).   Such training

must review current AT publications and identify methods

for obtaining AOR-specific terrorism threat analyses,

updates, and warnings.



E3.1.1.22.4.2.  Commanders may qualify individuals who

are subject matter experts and have received formal

training in AT and individual protection (e.g., military

and/or security police, special agents, etc., who have

received specific formal training in AT tactics, techniques,

and procedures).   These individuals may be individually

exempted by the Commander from the Level II ATO Training

outlined in Table E3.T1. only if they receive additional

training that reviews current AT publications and identifies

the methods for obtaining AOR-specific updates.



E3.1.1.22.4.3.  Table E3.T1. outlines Level I AT Awareness

Training requirements.



E3.1.1.23.  DoD STANDARD 23:   AOR-Specific Training

Requirements for all Department of Defense Personnel.

  CINCs with geographic responsibilities shall ensure

that all DoD personnel entering their AOR have been

provided access to AOR-specific information on AT protection.



E3.1.1.23.1.  CINCs with geographic responsibilities

have significant responsibilities for protecting personnel

within their AOR.   Individuals traveling outside CONUS

for either permanent or temporary duty shall have completed

annual Level I AT Awareness Training and shall have

received a specific AOR update within three months prior

to travel.   CINCs, with geographic responsibilities,

shall make AOR-specific AT protection information available

to the DoD Components in support of this training. 

 This information may be provided through multiple means

including CINC publications, messages, and computer

homepages.   Losing CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD

Agencies shall ensure that personnel departing to another

CINC's geographical AOR shall be exposed to and execute

the requirements of the gaining CINC's AOR update.



E3.1.1.23.2.  Furthermore, to enhance the situational

awareness and AT preparedness of units prior to transit

through and/or deployment to heightened threat areas,

gaining CINCs with geographic responsibilities shall

provide detailed threat information covering transit

routes and sites that will be visited by the deployed

unit.   Such information shall include detailed, focused

information on potential terrorist threats (i.e., tailored

production and analysis) to aid in the development of

tailored AT planning.   Since Component Commanders possess

organic intelligence and organic or supporting law enforcement

resources, institutional knowledge of their AOR and

a comprehensive understanding of unit capabilities,

they are best suited to provide such information, when

augmented or supported by national and theater assets.



E3.1.1.23.3.  CINCs shall ensure that intra-theater

transiting units are provided similar information.



E3.1.1.24.  DoD STANDARD 24:   Level II Antiterrorism

Officer (ATO) Training.   Level II ATO Training is designed

to produce an AT advisor to the Commander.   CINCs and/or

Services and/or DoD Agencies shall ensure that each

installation and/or deploying unit (e.g., battalion,

squadron, ship) is assigned at least one Level II ATO

trained individual.



E3.1.1.24.1.  Table E3.T1. outlines Level II ATO training

requirements.



E3.1.1.24.2.  Level III Pre-Command AT Training.   Level

III Pre-Command AT Training is designed to expose the

prospective commander to AT issues.   Services and/or

DoD Agencies shall ensure that pre-command training

tracks provide Level III Pre-Command AT Training to

prospective commanders.   In particular, this training

shall be tailored to provide prospective commanders

the depth and breath of knowledge necessary to perform

the full spectrum of AT responsibilities.



E3.1.1.24.3.  Table E3.T1. outlines Level III Pre-Command

AT training requirements.



E3.1.1.24.4.  Level IV AT Executive Seminar.   The Level

IV AT Executive Seminar is designed to expose senior

Officers in the grades of O6-O8 and DoD civilians in

equivalent grades to AT issues.



E3.1.1.24.5.  Table E3.T1. outlines Level IV AT Executive

Seminar training requirements.



E3.1.1.24.6.  Table E3.T1. describes training required

by this standard.



Table E3.T1.   Pre-deployment and Career Development

AT Training Requirements



Level of Training



Target Audience



Minimum Training Standard



Level I AT Awareness Training provided annually to:



(1) All OCONUS-based DoD personnel



(2) All Active uniformed CONUS-based members of the

CINCs and Services



(3) All CONUS-based DoD personnel eligible for official

OCONUS travel on Government orders



(4) All CONUS-based DoD personnel regardless of duty

status if the CONUS Terrorism Threat Level is promulgated

above "MODERATE."



**Graduates will have requisite knowledge to remain

vigilant for possible terrorist actions and employ AT

tactics, techniques, and procedures, as discussed in

DoD O-2000.12-H (reference (c)) and Joint Pub 3-07.2

(reference (i)).



• DoD personnel accessions during initial training.



• Military, DoD civilians, their family members 14 years

old and greater (when family members are deploying or

traveling on Government orders), and DoD-employed Contractors.



Component-provided instruction;



incorporates Component-standardized POI consisting of

the following minimum topics: 



1. Viewing the Service-selected personal awareness video

provided under the instruction of a qualified Level

I AT Awareness instructor and/or DoD-sponsored, and

Component-certified, computer-based and/or distance

learning (DoD personnel accessions must receive initial

training under instruction of a qualified Level I AT

Awareness Instructor)



2. Instruction on the following:



   • Introduction to Terrorism



   • Terrorist Operations



   • Individual Protective Measures



   • Terrorist Surveillance Techniques



   • Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Attacks



   • Kidnapping & Hostage Survival



   • Explanation of Terrorism Threat Levels and Force

Protection Condition System



3. Issuance of JS Guide 5260 "Service Member's Personal

Protection Guide:   A Self-Help Handbook to Combating

Terrorism" and "Antiterrorism Individual Protective

Measures" folding card.   (Local reproduction of both

is authorized.)



4. Receipt of AOR updates three months prior to travel

to include current threat brief and AOR-specific requirements

as provided by the receiving geographic CINC.



Table E3.T1.   Pre-deployment and Career Development

AT Training Requirements, cont.



Level of Training



Target Audience



Minimum Training Standard



Level II AT Officer (ATO) Training 



  



** Graduates shall have requisite knowledge and materials

to manage a comprehensive AT Program and advise the

commander in all AT areas.



Officers/NCOs/civilian staff officers, who are tracked

and command-designated to serve as the AT advisor to

the Commander and provide Level I Instruction in coded

billets.



Component-provided instruction (resident or MTT); incorporates

Component-standardized POI consisting of the following

minimum topics:   



• Understanding AT Roles and Responsibilities 



   -Understand Policy & Standards 



   -Access Reference Sources



•Organize for AT 



   -Command/Staff Relationships 



   -FP Working Groups



•Assess Vulnerabilities



   -Baseline Unit FP Posture 



   -Conduct Assessment



•Assess Threat 



   -Intel/CI Integration 



   -Information OPS



•Create and Execute AT Programs 



   -Use of Terrorism Threat Level/Force Protection Conditions





   -Unit/Installation Protective Measures 



   -Mitigating Vulnerabilities



•Prepare AT Plans 



   -Templates & Planning Tools 



   -How to Develop & Write Plans 



   -WMD Considerations 



   -Use of RAM to protect the Installation



•AT Resource Management 



   -Requirements Generation & Prioritization 



   -CbT RIF



•Conduct AT Training 



   -Exercise Unit AT Plans 



   -Obtain AOR-specific updates 



   -Oversee AT Level I Training



Table E3.T1.   Pre-deployment and Career Development

AT Training Requirements, cont.



Level of Training



Target Audience



Minimum Training Standard



2. Review of DoD Directive 2000.12, Instruction 2000.16,

DoD O-2000.12-H, and other applicable DoD/Service/Agency

publications. 



3. Methods available for obtaining AOR-specific updates

for deployment/travel areas. 



4. Component-directed modules on other aspects of AT

such as physical security requirements, technology updates,

etc.



Level III Pre-Command AT Training



  



**Graduates shall have requisite knowledge and materials

to supervise a comprehensive AT Program and manage AT

issues.



O-5/O-6 Commanders



Component-provided instruction during pre-command pipelines;

incorporates Component-standardized POI consisting of

the following minimum topics: 



1. Viewing the SECDEF/CJCS Video



2. Directive/reference review



   •Understanding AT Responsibilities 



     -Understanding Policy 



     -Assessments 



     -Off-Installation Housing 



   • Ensuring Preparation of AT Plans 



     -Baseline FP Posture 



     -Mitigating WMD Attack 



     -MOUs/MOAs 



   • Ensuring Conduct of AT Planning 



     -AT Plans & Training 



     -Level I Training 



   • Organizing for AT 



   • Understand the Local Threat Picture 



     -Fusion of Intelligence 



   • Building a Sustainable AT Program 



     -Terrorism Threat Levels 



   • Executing Resource Responsibilities 



     -AT Resource Programming 



     -Construction Standards 



   • Understanding Use of Force and ROE 



     -Terrorist Scenarios & Hostile Intent Decision

Making 



3. Review of DoD Directive 2000.12, DoD Instruction

2000.16, DoD O-2000.12-H, and other applicable DoD/Service/Agency

publications. 



4. Issuance of Commander's Handbook (Joint Pub 5260).



Table E3.T1.   Pre-deployment and Career Development

AT Training Requirements, cont.



Level of Training



Target Audience



Minimum Training Standard



Level IV AT Executive Seminar



   



 **Graduates shall have requisite knowledge and materials

to provide oversight to AT Programs and Policies.



Officers in the grade of O6-O8 and Department of Defense

civilians in equivalent grades selected by Services/CINCs/DoD

Agencies who are responsible for AT programs or involved

in AT policy, planning and execution.



CJCS Executive-level seminar hosted by J-34.   Provides

pertinent current updates, briefings, and panel discussion

topics.   Seminar includes 3 tabletop AT wargames aimed

at facilitating interaction and discussion among seminar

participants.



E3.1.1.24.7.  Commanders at all levels who receive individuals

that are not properly trained shall, in the interest

of force protection, provide the required AT training

as soon as practicable upon the gain.   Concurrently,

they shall report the deficiency through their DoD Component

chain of command.   The DoD Component shall subsequently

notify the providing commander and ensure appropriate

measures are generated to prevent reoccurrence of the

discrepancy.



E3.1.1.25.  DoD STANDARD 25:   Training for High-Risk

Personnel and High-Risk Billets.   CINCs and/or Services

and/or DoD Agency Heads have been given substantial

AT responsibilities for DoD personnel assigned to high-risk

billets or at high risk to terrorist attack.   High-risk

personnel are eligible for advanced AT training.   In

some instances, this training may be extended to include

family members.



E3.1.1.25.1  The Services and DoD Agency Heads shall

ensure personnel designated as "Personnel at High-Risk

to Terrorist Attack" and "Personnel Assigned to High-Risk

Billets" receive appropriate AT training.   To this

end, CINCs with geographic responsibilities shall communicate

high-risk positions and high-risk personnel to their

Service authority for AT, not less than annually to

enable the Services to provide for the requisite training.



E3.1.1.25.2.  Whenever possible, this appropriate AT

training of designated personnel should be conducted

by the Services prior to arrival in theater.



E3.1.1.26.  DoD STANDARD 26:   Vulnerability Assessments

of Installations 



E3.1.1.26.1.  Assessment Focus.   Vulnerability Assessments

shall focus on the assessed unit's overarching AT program.

  Antiterrorism programs should be subject to continual

assessment to avoid complacency and to gain benefit

from experience from other assessments.   Evolving terrorism

threats, changes in security technology, development

and implementation of alternative concepts of peacetime

operations, and changing local conditions make periodic

assessments essential.   Vulnerability assessments will

normally occur at the installation commander level and

above; however, because vulnerability assessments are

critical to forces transiting through ports, airfields,

and inland movement routes, Geographic CINCs shall ensure

that Component Commanders conduct vulnerability assessments

frequently enough to ensure timely and accurate information

is available.   These assessments should consider the

range of identified and projected terrorism threats

against a specific location or installation, personnel,

family members, facilities and other assets.   The assessment

should identify vulnerabilities and solutions for enhanced

protection of DoD personnel and resources.



E3.1.1.26.2.  AT vulnerability assessments provide a

vulnerability-based analysis of an activity's AT program.

  The assessment identifies, for the commander, vulnerabilities

that may be exploited by terrorists and suggests options

that may eliminate or mitigate those vulnerabilities.

  Information derived from vulnerability assessments

will be classified in accordance with the Defense Threat

Reduction Agency (DTRA) Security Classification Guide.

  See reference (k).



E3.1.1.26.3.  Local Vulnerability Assessments.   Commanders

shall conduct a local vulnerability assessment for facilities,

installations, and operating areas within their area

of responsibility.   The local vulnerability assessment

shall address the broad range of physical threats to

the security of personnel and assets and shall be conducted

at least annually.



E3.1.1.26.4.  Higher Headquarters Vulnerability Assessments.

  CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD Agencies shall ensure

lower-level AT programs receive a Higher Headquarters

Vulnerability Assessment at least once every three years

to ensure unity of AT efforts throughout their subordinate

commands.   Each CINC, Service Chief, and DoD Agency

Director, shall track and identify vulnerabilities throughout

the chain of command.   As a minimum, each Commander

or Director shall prioritize, track, and report to the

next general/flag officer, the action to be taken to

address vulnerabilities identified in the vulnerability

assessment.



E3.1.1.26.5.  For installations shared by CINCs and/or

Services and/or DoD Agencies, a Higher Headquarters

Vulnerability Assessment of the installation satisfies

the three-year periodicity requirement for subordinate

commands and/or tenants and/or detachments co-located

within the confines of the assessed installation.



E3.1.1.26.6.  Higher Headquarters Vulnerability Assessments

satisfy the annual requirement for a Local Vulnerability

Assessment.



E3.1.1.26.7.  AT Site Criteria.   Higher Headquarters

Vulnerability Assessments shall be conducted at DoD

Components, housing areas, facilities, and/or activities

at locations and command levels identified as "installations."

  For the purpose of this Instruction, the following

defines an assessment-eligible installation:



E3.1.1.26.7.1.  Any DoD facility consisting of 300 or

more personnel on a daily basis; and



E3.1.1.26.7.2.  Any DoD facility bearing responsibility

for emergency response and physical security plans and

programs; and



E3.1.1.26.7.3.  Any DoD facility possessing authority

to interact with local non-military or host nation agencies

or having agreements with other agencies or host nation

agencies to procure these services.



E3.1.1.26.7.4.  However, Higher Headquarters Vulnerability

Assessments may be conducted at any DoD Component Activity

when CINCs and/or Services and/or DoD Agencies identify

a time-critical requirement or emergent need.



E3.1.1.26.8.  AT Assessment Functional Areas.   AT Vulnerability

Assessments shall assess, as a minimum, the following

functional areas:



E3.1.1.26.8.1.  AT Plans and Programs.   The assessment

shall examine the assessed installation's AT program

and ability to accomplish appropriate standards contained

in this Instruction and/or applicable prescriptive standards

established by the appropriate Combatant Command, Service,

or DoD Agency.



E3.1.1.26.8.2.  Counterintelligence, Law Enforcement

Liaison, and Intelligence Support.   The assessment

shall focus on the ability to receive threat information

and warnings from higher headquarters and local resources,

actively collect information on the threat (when permitted

and in accordance with applicable law and regulations),

process that information to include local fusion and

analysis, and develop a reasonably postulated threat

statement of the activity.   Further, the assessment

will examine the ability to disseminate threat information

to subordinate commands, tenant organizations, in-transit

units, assigned or visiting DoD personnel (including

military members, civilians, and contractor employees,

and dependents), and how that process supports the implementation

of appropriate force protection measures to protect

military personnel, DoD civilians, and family members.



E3.1.1.26.8.3.  AT Physical Security Measures.   The

assessment shall determine the assessed unit's ability

to protect personnel by detecting or deterring terrorists,

and failing that, to protect by delaying or defending

against acts of terrorism.   Physical security techniques

include procedural measures such as perimeter security,

security force training, security surveys, medical surveillance

for unnatural disease outbreaks, and armed response

to warning or detection as well as physical security

measures such as fences, lights, intrusion detection

devices, access control systems, closed-circuit television

cameras, personnel and vehicle barriers, biological,

chemical and radiological agent detectors and filters,

and other security systems.   The assessment should

also consider commercial-off-the-shelf AT technology

enhancements and potential solutions for those circumstances

where existing technology or procedural modifications

do not provide satisfactory solutions.



E3.1.1.26.8.4.  Vulnerability to a Threat and Terrorist

Incident Response Measures.   The assessment shall examine

the assessed unit's ability to determine its vulnerabilities

against commonly used terrorist weapons and explosive

devices, to include weapons of mass destruction.   The

assessment shall further examine the ability to provide

structural or infrastructure protection against terrorist

events.   The ability to respond to a terrorist event,

with emphasis on a mass casualty situation, shall also

be examined.



E3.1.1.26.8.5.  Vulnerability Assessments for Terrorist

Use of WMD.   The assessment shall assess the vulnerability

of installations, facilities, and personnel, and family

members to terrorist use of WMD, to include the potential

use of chemical, biological, nuclear or radiological

agents.



E3.1.1.26.8.6.  The assessment shall examine written

plans and/or programs in the areas of counterintelligence,

law enforcement liaison, intelligence support, security

and post-incident response (the ability of the activity

to respond to a terrorist incident, especially a mass

casualty event, to include a disease outbreak caused

by terrorist use of biological weapons).



E3.1.1.26.8.7.  The assessment shall focus on the most

probable terrorist threat for the facility and appropriate

countermeasures.   In cases where no identified threat

exists, units shall be assessed on their ability to

implement AT measures under increasing Force Protection

Conditions in response to an increase in the Terrorist

Threat Level or terrorist threat warning.



E3.1.1.26.8.8.  The assessment shall examine the availability

of resources to support plans as written and the frequency

and extent to which plans have been exercised.



E3.1.1.26.8.9.  The assessment shall examine the degree

to which plans complement one another and support the

assessed unit's ability to identify changes in the terrorist

threat, react to threat changes by implementing appropriate

AT measures and provide an appropriate response should

a terrorist event occur.



E3.1.1.26.8.10.  Host Nation, Local Community, Inter-Service,

and Tenant Support.   The assessment shall examine the

level and adequacy of support available to the activity

from the host nation, local community, and where appropriate,

inter-Service and tenant organizations to enhance force

protection measures or respond to a terrorist incident.



E3.1.1.26.8.11.  The assessment shall determine the

integration and feasibility of plans with the host nation,

local community and inter-Service and tenant organizations

to provide security, law enforcement, fire, medical

and emergency response capability in reaction to a terrorist

event with emphasis on mass casualty situations.



E3.1.1.26.8.12.  The assessment shall determine the

adequacy of resources available to execute agreements

and the extent and frequency to which plans are exercised.



E3.1.1.26.8.13.  The assessment shall determine the

status of formal and informal agreements with supporting

organizations via Memoranda of Understanding or Agreement,

Inter-Service Support Agreements, Host-Tenant Support

Agreements, or other models.



E3.1.1.26.8.14.  Site-Specific Characteristics.   Site-specific

circumstances may require assessment of additional functional

areas.   These additional requirements shall be as directed

by the CINC and/or Service and/or DoD Agency creating

the team and should be based on site-specific characteristics

such as Terrorism Threat Level, terrorist characteristics,

geography, and security environment.



E3.1.1.26.9.  Team Composition and Level of Expertise.

  As a minimum, the level of expertise and team composition

must support the assessment of the functional areas

described above.   Team membership shall have expertise

in the following areas:   physical security; civil,

electrical, or structural engineering; special operations;

operational readiness; law enforcement and medical operations;

infrastructure; intelligence/counterintelligence, and

consequence management.   In exceptional cases, commanders

may be required to tailor team composition and scope

of the assessment to meet unique requirements of a particular

site, but must meet the intent of providing a comprehensive

assessment.



E3.1.1.26.9.1  Specific size and certification of expertise

shall be as directed by the CINC and/or Service and/or

DoD Agency creating the team.   However, team members

must be functionally orientated and have experience

in the assessment area to be considered for team membership.



E3.1.1.26.9.2.  Based on site specific factors such

as Terrorism Threat Level, terrorist characteristics,

geography and security environment, assessment teams

may be augmented by personnel with expertise in the

areas of linguistics; chemical, biological, radiological

weapons effects; AT technology; explosive ordnance disposal;

special warfare; communications; information assurance

or operations; consequence management; and other specialties

as determined by the CINC and/or Service and/or DoD

Agency sponsoring the assessment.



E3.1.1.27.  DoD STANDARD 27:   Pre-deployment AT Vulnerability

Assessment.   DoD Components shall ensure the execution

of pre-deployment AT vulnerability assessments prior

to deployment.   At the theater level, Component Commanders

shall provide onboard and/or advance-site assessments

prior to and during visits to higher-threat areas of

Significant or High Threat Levels, or where a geographically

specific Terrorism Warning Report is in effect.   This

includes ports, airfields, and inland movement routes

that may be used by transiting forces.   At the discretion

of the graphic CINC, such security efforts may be waived

for deployments and/or visits to controlled locations

such as existing military installations or ships afloat.

  Augmentation of assessment personnel may be necessary

to enable Component Commanders to discharge their responsibility

to provide security, surveys, and assessments, CI and

CS support, and to act as the liaison with the country

team, host nation security force, husbanding contractor,

and port authority.   Such advance-site deployment would

also be able to communicate current local threat information

to transiting units, enabling the onboard AT team to

more effectively tailor measures to the specific threat

environment.



E3.1.1.27.1.  Deploying commanders shall implement appropriate

AT measures to reduce risk and vulnerability.   Commanders

shall direct AT measures be implemented that reduce

risks before, during, and after deployment.   If warranted,

commanders faced with emergent AT requirements prior

to movement of forces should submit Chairman Combating

Terrorism Readiness Initiatives Fund (CbT RIF) requests

through established channels to procure necessary materials

or equipment for required protective measures.   Assessments

and the subsequent implementation of standards must

occur in a timely manner, and should be incorporated

in pre-deployment planning and training.   Pre-deployment

assessments should assist commanders in updating AOR-specific

training and in obtaining necessary physical security

materials and equipment to implement protective measures.



E3.1.1.27.2.  Equipment and technology can significantly

enhance all DoD forces, but in particular the transiting

units' posture against terrorist threats.   For this

reason, Component Commanders should research and identify

AT equipment or technology requirements to their chain

of command.   The use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS)

or Government-off-the-shelf (GOTS) products should be

stressed to meet near-term requirements.



E3.1.1.28.  DoD STANDARD 28:   Construction Considerations.

  DoD Components shall adopt and adhere to common criteria

and minimum construction (i.e., new construction, renovation,

or rehabilitation) standards to mitigate AT vulnerabilities

and terrorist threats.   For further discussion on construction

standards, see reference (g).



E3.1.1.29.  DoD STANDARD 29:   Facility and Site Evaluation

and/or Selection Criteria.   Commanders shall develop

a prioritized list of AT factors for site selection

teams.   These criteria shall be used to determine if

facilities, either currently occupied or under consideration

for occupancy by DoD personnel, can adequately protect

occupants against terrorism attack.   Circumstances

may require the movement of DoD personnel or assets

to facilities the U.S. Government has not previously

used or surveyed.   AT standards should be a key consideration

in evaluating the suitability of these facilities for

use.



E3.1.1.30.  DoD STANDARD 30:   AT Guidance for Off-Installation

Housing.   Commanders shall ensure DoD personnel assigned

to Moderate, Significant, and High Terrorism Threat

Level areas, who are not provided on-installation or

other Government quarters, are furnished guidance on

the selection of private residences to mitigate risk

of terrorist attack.   The best protection for individuals

is an awareness of the threat and the willingness to

take the steps necessary to reduce threat exposure.



E3.1.1.30.1.  Residential Security Reviews for Off-Installation

Housing.   Commanders in Significant and High Threat

Level areas shall conduct periodic physical security

reviews of off-installation residences for permanently

assigned and temporary-duty DoD personnel.   Such reviews

shall use the same terrorism threat, risk, and vulnerability

criteria as that used to assess the safety and security

of occupants of other facilities or installations housing

DoD personnel for which they have AT responsibility.

  Based on the review results, Commanders shall provide

AT recommendations to residents and facility owners,

facilitate additional mitigating measures, and, as appropriate,

recommend to appropriate authorities the construction

or lease of housing on an installation or in safer areas.



E3.1.1.30.2.  Proper selection of off-installation housing

sites can reduce personnel threat exposure.   In Significant

or High Threat areas, commanders shall ensure the completion

of informal residential security reviews prior to personnel

entering into formal contract negotiations for the lease

or purchase of off-installation housing.   The off-installation

review should use the same terrorism threat, risk, and

vulnerability criteria as that used to assess the safety

and security of occupants of other facilities or installations

housing DoD personnel.



E3.1.1.30.3.  Commanders shall include coverage of private

residential housing in AT plans where private residential

housing must be used in Moderate, Significant, or High

Threat Level areas.



E3.1.1.30.4.  Commanders at all levels should incorporate

family member and dependent vulnerabilities into all

antiterrorism assessment, mitigation, and reporting

tools.   In Moderate, Significant, or High Threat areas,

commanders shall include coverage of facilities (e.g.,

DoD schools and daycare centers on and off base) and

transportation services and routes (e.g., bus routes)

used by DoD employees and their dependents.



E3.1.1.31.  DoD STANDARD 31:   Executive Protection

and High Risk Personnel Security.   Commanders shall

be familiar with treaty, statutory, policy, regulatory,

and local constraints on the application of supplemental

security measures for certain high-ranking Department

of Defense officials whom are entitled to additional

protection as a result of their position.   Commanders

shall take measures necessary to provide appropriate

protective services for such individuals in high-risk

billets and high-risk personnel.   Review and revalidation

of protective services shall occur on at least an annual

basis.



E3.1.1.31.1.  Commanders should ensure individuals requesting

supplemental security measures are aware of constraints

and understand their individual responsibilities in

accepting additional security measures.   Commanders

should ensure individuals receiving supplemental security

measures have completed required AT training, are cleared

for assignment to billets, facilities, or countries

requiring such protection, and have been thoroughly

briefed on the duties of protective service personnel.



E3.1.1.31.2.  Reviews of supplemental security needs

should be undertaken within 30 days of a change in the

Terrorism Threat Level assigned to an AOR containing

high-risk billets or to which high-risk personnel have

been assigned.



E3.1.1.31.3.  Table E3.T2. associates standards from

this Instruction with the existing DoD O-2000.12-H (reference

(c)).   Using the Handbook should provide commanders

sufficient guidance to implement their programs.



Table E3.T2.   AT Standards and Associated Chapters/Appendices

from DoD O-2000.12-H



DoD Standard



Chapter and Number



Related Appendices



1.   DoD AT Policy



Chapter 1



2.   Development of AT Standards



Chapter 2



3.   Assignment of AT Operational Responsibility



Chapter 2



4.   AT Coordination in Overseas Locations



Chapter 12 -14



5.   Comprehensive AT Development, Implementation, and

Assessment



Chapter 4 -



13, 15-16



2, 4, 8, 10



6.   Antiterrorism Officers (ATOs) shall be assigned

in writing at each installation or base, and deploying

organization (e.g., battalion, squadron, ship)



Chapter 15



7.   Application of DoD Terrorist Threat Analysis Methodology



Chapter 5



4



8.   Threat Information Collection and Analysis



Chapter 5



2, 4, 8, 9, 10



9.   Threat Information Flow



Chapter 5



10.   Potential Threat of Terrorist Use of Weapons of

Mass Destruction



Chapter 20



11.   Adjustment of Force Protection Conditions



Chapter 6



4



12.   Force Protection Condition Measures Implementation



Chapter 6



4



13.   Force Protection Condition Measures



Chapter 6



4, 11, 14, 15, 16



14.   Commanders shall maintain a comprehensive AT program

for those personnel and assets for which they have AT

responsibilities.



Chapter 2



22, 23



15.   Terrorism Threat Assessment



Chapter 17



2, 4, 8, 9, 10



16.   AT Physical Security Measures



Chapter 7



2, 4, 22, 23



17.   Terrorist Incident Response Measures



Chapter 17



4, 20, 22, 23



18.   Terrorist Consequence Management Measures



Chapter 17



2



19.   Training and Exercises



Chapter 20



2



20.   Comprehensive AT Review



Chapter 2



21.   General Requirements for AT Training



Chapter 15



22.   Level I AT Awareness Training



Chapter 15



23.   AOR-Specific Training Requirements for all DoD

Personnel



Chapter 15



24.   Level II Antiterrorism Officer (ATO) Training



Chapter 15



25.   Training for High-Risk Personnel and High-Risk

Billets



Chapter 13, 15



6, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17



Table E3.T2.   AT Standards and Associated Chapters/Appendices

from DoD O-2000.12-H, cont.



26.   Vulnerability Assessments of Installations



Chapter 9, 16



27.   Pre-deployment AT Vulnerability Assessment



Chapter 16, 19



19



28.   Construction Considerations



Chapter 9



2



29.   Facility and Site Evaluation and/or Selection

Criteria



Chapter 10



2



30.   AT Guidance for Off-Installation Housing



Chapter 11



2, 16, 17



31.   Executive Protection and High-Risk Personnel Security

                                                   
   



Chapter 13



14, 19