Responsibilities of
Supporting Agencies

This appendix discusses the functions and responsibilities of Army and joint agencies supporting IO and C2W across the operational spectrum. It discusses the missions and functions of the Joint Command and Control Warfare Center (JC2WC) and LIWA. It delineates the responsibilities to the commander-in-chief (CINC) and Army component commander, respectively. IO/C2W planners should use this appendix to gain a better understanding of the support available from these agencies.

JOINT COMMAND AND
CONTROL WARFARE CENTER

CJCS Instruction 5118.01 is the charter for the JC2WC. This paragraph provides key excerpts from that document to provide combatant commanders, JFCs, and other units requiring assistance in C2W with a ready reference of the support provided by the JC2WC.

Mission

The mission of the JC2WC, formerly the Joint Electronic Warfare Center (JEWC), is to provide direct C2W support to operational commanders. The JC2WC supports the integration of the constituent elements of C2W--OPSEC, PSYOP, military deception, EW, and destruction. It also supports the noncombat military applications of IW throughout the planning and execution phases of operations. The JC2WC provides this direct support in the following priority order:

Joint force commanders (combatant commanders, subordinated unified commanders, and joint task force commanders).
Service component commanders.
Functional component commanders.

The JC2WC also provides support to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the joint staff, the services, and other US Government agencies. The JC2WC maintains specialized expertise in C2W-related--

Systems engineering.
Operational applications.
Capabilities.
Vulnerabilities.

Functions

The JC2WC, through the joint staff director for operations (J3) serves as the principal field agency within DOD for C2W support.

As stated in CJCSI 5118.01 the JC2WC, acting through the joint staff J3--

Interfaces with the joint staff, services, DOD, and non-DOD agencies to integrate IW (see DOD Directive TS3600.1) with DOD C2W efforts.
Participates in the Joint Special Technical Operations System by analyzing capabilities (in coordination with the intelligence community), as tasked by the director of the joint staff, to optimize special technical operations support to combatant commanders.
Serves as the joint staff central point of contact for reviewing joint C2W mission needs statements (MNS).
Coordinates with the joint staff director for C4 systems (J6) for C2-protection issues.
Assists the CJCS, through the joint staff J3/STOD (special technical operations division that serves as the doctrine sponsor for C2W and EW) in the development of joint doctrine and joint tactics, techniques, and procedures.
Evaluates C2W effectiveness in combat.
Serves as the DOD focal point for defining, coordinating, and overseeing the integration of those data bases/data systems necessary to establish a common joint information base for conducting C2W. This information base comprises intelligence and operational data bases/data systems, that is, data on US equipment, systems, and forces. It also includes other types of data bases (the remainder of the world's systems--geophysical, topographical, psychological, and doctrinal) necessary to conduct C2W in the combatant commander's battlespace. It includes US and, as available, allied WARM (weapons assignment research model) descriptions and descriptions of US-manufactured systems sold to other nations. For the most part, this information base:

-Is releasable to allied nations annually in coordination with the services, intelligence agencies, and other cognizant agencies and commands.

-Provides a report to the joint staff J3 on the currency and shortfalls in the C2W information base.

-Participates in the development of decision aids used to manipulate the C2W information base.

-Orchestrates efforts for interoperability and connectivity of data and systems to support C2W with the GCCS in cooperation with the DOD intelligence community and the joint staff J6.

Organizes, manages, and exercises the joint aspects of EW reprogramming. Develops procedures to assist commanders with the identification, validation, and dissemination of electronic threat changes. Coordinates compatibility and facilitates exchange of data used in joint EW reprogramming among the intelligence community, services, and combatant commands.
Organizes and facilitates development of joint C2W simulations supporting wargaming among the joint staff, services, combatant commands, and combat support agencies, in conjunction with the Joint Warfighting Center.
Serves as the joint staff's point of contact through the J3 for C2W joint universal lessons learned (JULLS) reported under the Joint After-Action Reporting System (JAARS) and referred for action as remedial action projects (RAPs).
Participates in C2W research or studies of an operational nature for DOD organizations and agencies.
Maintains knowledge and coordinates with the services on C2W systems engineering initiatives, laboratory programs, and industrial developments.
Performs vulnerability and effectiveness analyses of US equipment used in C2W. Coordinates C2 vulnerability analyses with the joint staff J6.
Supports allied nations or international organizations on a case-by-case basis. Support includes representing the US in appropriate international forums.
Produces the annual DOD EW Plan in conjunction with the Services and combat support agencies.
Develops and produces an annual DOD C2W plan in conjunction with the services and combat support agencies.

COMBATANT COMMANDER

For direct combatant commander C2W support, the JC2WC maintains deployable C2W augmentation teams to support the combatant commander as requested. To provide timely analysis and advice for planning and coordination of C2W, these teams maintain an awareness of the threat and the OPLANs in the respective combatant commanders' AORs. In addition, the teams--

Train with and develop routine working relationships with other organizations having specialized expertise in the constituent elements of C2W.
Provide C2W technical assistance.
Function as the central coordinating element for organizations that support the CINC's C2W effort.
Maintain the capability to assist in planning and coordinating the employment of joint and combined EW assets as part of the JCEWS.
Provide in-theater guidance and assistance for the joint coordination of EW reprogramming.
Provide timely advice and comprehensive EW analysis support, such as radar terrain masking overlays, and predictive analyses (for example, Proud Flame).

As required, the JC2WC requests augmentation from specialized organizations, through the joint staff J3, for a deploying JC2WC team to provide a more comprehensive C2W capability to the supported commander. The JC2WC also--

Maintains a dedicated action officer at the JC2WC for each combatant command to interface with each CINC's staff and integrates C2W into appropriate OPLANs. These action officers are responsible for all JC2WC actions regarding C2W support of their respective CINCs.
Provides tactical and technical analyses of C2W in military operations.
Supports C2W training by assisting combatant commanders in planning, conducting, and evaluating the C2W aspects of joint exercises, including field training exercises, command post exercises, and computer simulations for wargaming in collaboration with the Joint Warfighting Center.
Coordinates and conducts field demonstrations of emerging technologies responsive to CINC C2W needs.

LAND INFORMATION WARFARE ACTIVITY

AR 520-20 established the Land Information Warfare Activity to integrate OPSEC, military deception, PSYOP, EW, and physical destruction to support IO and C2W. A memorandum of understanding (MOU) delineates the command, control, and functional relationships of HQDA and the US Army Information Systems Command (USAINSCOM) with LIWA. It further delineates HQDA command and staff responsibilities for IO/C2W. LIWA is under the command of USAINSCOM. The director of operations, readiness, and mobilization exercises operational tasking authority of LIWA, including IO/C2W operational support policy and program planning guidance.

This provides a quick reference of the support that LIWA provides. CJCS has directed Army commanders to integrate IW/C2W into exercises, OPLANs, and OPORDs. Emerging Army doctrine calls for the formation of an IO activity to help land operational and tactical commanders integrate C2W with other information domains such as the GIE, collector-to-shooter linkages, INFOSEC, counterintelligence (CI), HUMINT, and survivability. Given the technical complexity of this doctrinal requirement and the need to operate in a resource-constrained environment, LIWA fields tailored support teams such as FSTs to help operational and tactical battle staffs integrate IO/C2W with plans, operations, and exercises.

Mission

LIWA coordinates multidisciplined intelligence and other support for operations planning and execution, to include C2W data base support, HUMINT, CI, and TECHINT. LIWA is electronically connected with other national, DOD, joint, and service IW facilities or centers. Integral to LIWA is the Army Reprogramming Analysis Team-Threat Analysis (ARAT-TA) collocated with the US Air Force at the Air Warfare Center. ARAT-TA provides the technical expertise to ensure target-sensing weapons systems are correctly programmed to meet the specific conditions of a designated AO.

LIWA has been specifically designed to provide tailored support to the land component commands. LIWA's purpose is to provide commanders with technical expertise that is not resident on the command's general and special staff and to provide responsive technical interfaces with other commands, service components, and national, DOD, and joint information centers. When deployed, the LIWA FSTs become an integral part of the command's IO staff. To facilitate planning and execution of IO, LIWA provides IO/C2W operational support to land component and separate Army commands and active and reserve components (AC/RC).

Functions

LIWA acts as the operational focal point for land IO/C2W by providing operational staff support to AC/RC land component commands and separate Army commands. It coordinates, arranges for, and synchronizes IO/C2W intelligence and CI support to land component commands. LIWA coordinates and deploys FSTs to assist and support LCCs in C2-protect, including--

C4 security support.
Analyses, investigations, and surveys to assess the vulnerability of the LCCs' C2 facilities to IO/C2W sabotage, deception, and attack and to assess their ability to maintain personnel and security programs and protect such facilities.
C4 threat advisories with recommendations for counter-countermeasures.

LIWA coordinates and deploys FSTs to advise LCCs on C2-attack, including--

Preparing deliberate and contingency plans and orders.
Preparing target lists, estimates, and assessments.
Analyzing the threat and interpreting the situation, critical nodes, enemy vulnerability, defeat criteria, and BDA.
Maintaining selected, tailored IO/C2W data bases and monitoring the accuracy of supporting data bases.

LIWA coordinates and deploys FSTs to provide battlefield deception planning support to LCCs. Through participation in the Battle Command Training Program (BCTP), combat training center (CTC) rotations, battle labs, and Force XXI studies, LIWA coordinates with and provides assistance to TRADOC in the development and integration of doctrine, training, leader development, organization, materiel, and soldier requirements (DTLOMS) for IO/C2W. In addition, LIWA--

Acts as the functional proponent for battlefield deception.
Coordinates the establishment of requirements for unprogrammed IO/C2W studies to support operational contingencies.
Provides operational insight and recommendations to TRADOC and HQDA on Army IO/C2W requirements and input into Army modernization strategy, policy, scenarios, modeling, and simulations.
Assists TRADOC in the development and evaluation of IO/C2W systems' performance and operational employment TTP in combat operations, operational tests, and training exercises.
Establishes, develops, and promotes IO/C2W interoperability with other services and allies and recommends improvements.
Coordinates and facilitates operational IO/C2W matters with other military services and allies as appropriate.
Assesses and reports to the director of operations, readiness, and mobilization IO/C2W force readiness and IO/C2W operational capabilities of land component forces to accomplish assigned missions under real or assumed conditions.