[Congressional Record Volume 159, Number 13 (Wednesday, January 30, 2013)]
[Senate]
[Pages S392-S396]
OUT OF CONTROL SPENDING
Mr. COBURN. Mr. President, in a very short period of time, we are
going to be considering an increase in the debt limit. It is for a
specific period of time, but it is, at a minimum, going to be $500
billion. What is in front of our country, especially as we see negative
growth in the third quarter, as reported today, and the continued
printing of money by the Federal Reserve, is that there is no
accountability to rein in either the size, the scope or the spending
habits of the Federal Government.
Over the next 2 weeks, I am going to be very succinctly outlining
$1.35 trillion worth of spending reductions that I would imagine the
vast majority of Americans would agree with me on. I am going to build
the case almost every day as I come out here as to why we can't keep
doing what we are doing, and I will demonstrate the stupidity in how
the Federal Government is running today.
I know I will have no chance to defeat an increase in the debt limit
that is coming forward. I don't expect to accomplish that. The votes
are here to raise the debt limit and not do anything about our
spending. But most Americans realize the Federal Government is twice
the size it was 11\1/2\ years ago--twice the size. In just the last 4
years, the average family income has declined over 7\1/2\ percent. So
while family income is declining, our deficits are rising. Our debt is
now at almost $16.5 trillion and we are projected to spend $1.3
trillion more than we take in this year and we have claims by the
President and others that we have already cut something from the
Federal Government. The fact is, that is only true using Washington
accounting.
As somebody with a degree in accounting and understanding generally
accepted accounting principles, what I want America to know is the
Federal Government is bigger right now than it was last year at this
time. We have not spent $1 less than we were spending last year at this
time. As a matter of fact, we have spent about $18 billion more. Is
that an improvement? Yes. But the claims we have cut $2.7 trillion from
the budget are absolutely bogus. There is no truth in it. There is no
reality in it. All anyone has to do is look at the amount of money we
are borrowing to recognize that.
I want to lay out in sequential fashion five areas where we can, in
fact, make significant changes in the Federal budget and start truly
addressing our problems. These changes will have an impact of over $1.3
trillion over the next 10 years. That doesn't solve our problem
immediately, but if in fact we do this, what we will have done is to
start down a long road of making the hard decisions. The decisions I
will outline are not hard. They are the easy ones. But we will be
starting down a road to get our country back and to secure the future
of the young people sitting right down here and their children
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and the expectation that opportunity could be alive and well in
America.
There is coming to this country a debt bomb. There will come a time
when the world will not loan us additional dollars. When that happens,
the consequence of that will be rising interest rates. The Fed will no
longer be able to control interest rates, and the interest rate will
end up being whatever it takes, whatever the people of the world need
in terms of what they require to loan us money. If we go back to
historical interest rates, the average over the last 50 years on what
we have borrowed--the cost per year for the debt we have today, not
after the additional $500 billion, at a minimum, we will increase with
this new debt limit--will be an additional $640 billion per year added
to the must-pays coming from Congress. Once that starts, if we have
made none of the adjustments, none of the changes, none of the choices
of eliminating some of our wasteful and profligate spending, the next
year it adds another $150 billion on top of that. So then we would be
at $700-some billion, and pretty soon we will be in a spiral where the
debt bomb explodes. That is the last place we want to go. The reason it
is the last place we want to go is because the very wealthy aren't
going to be harmed by that. The middle class will be destroyed, and
with all the programs we have to support the lower class, we will not
even be able to fund those.
It is imperative we no longer just have words. It is time for us to
act. I know the administration doesn't agree with that. I know a lot of
my colleagues on the other side do agree with it but will not offer up
the courage that is going to be required to make the tough choices in
this country.
We just increased tax rates in this country $600 billion over the
next 10 years.
I voted for that bill. But the problem isn't revenues; the problem is
the size and scope of the Federal Government.
I want to spend a little bit of time showing you what the GAO--not
Tom Coburn, not my oversight, not my research, but what the GAO has
said about where we are in terms of stupidity and duplication. I asked
permission for these oversized charts because the detail behind them
cannot be seen unless you have it on a chart this size. I will go
through these rather quickly so the American people can get a little
bit of a flavor of the programs we have.
We have 15 different programs run by 13 different agencies in the
Federal Government that cost $30 million to teach financial literacy to
the American people. No. 1, I don't think that falls within the
enumerated powers. But let's assume it does. Why in the world would we
have 15 sets of administrators, 15 sets of overhead, to spend $30
million? It makes no sense whatsoever. Let's assume that is a role for
the Federal Government. I disagree that it is. But why not one program?
If you take away the overhead, you could spend exactly the same amount
of money teaching financial literacy and you wouldn't waste it on
overhead. The savings just from this one simple program are $15 million
to $20 million a year. The way you get to 1 billion is 1 million at a
time, and the way you get to 1 trillion is 1 billion at a time.
Let's take the next program, green buildings. We have 94 separate
programs run by 11 different agencies spending $1 billion on green
buildings. There is nothing wrong with incentivizing green buildings,
but anybody with any common sense has to ask the question, Why does the
Federal Government need 94 separate programs to incentivize green
buildings? And why do we need to run it through 11 different agencies
instead of 1? And why do we need to have 11 sets of overhead,
administration, and costs associated with it? It makes no sense at all.
The next one, housing assistance. We have 160 programs. Nobody in the
administration--nobody in the country--knows all the programs. I am
probably the only one in Congress who does, because nobody else has
looked at it. Twenty different agencies spending $170 billion. If we
are really interested in housing assistance, why would we have 20 sets
of overhead and 20 sets of administration? And what would it cost to
accomplish the same thing?
All these numbers come from the Government Accountability Office, by
the way. They don't come from me.
The other part of the report is that nobody knows if these programs
are working. We have no data to say that with the 160 programs we are
actually making a difference on housing assistance through this
expenditure of money. So we are not even asking the most basic
questions a prudent person would ask--in fact, if it is our role in
housing assistance--do we know what we are doing is working? And the
GAO says you can't tell. There are no metrics on it. No wonder we have
160 programs. Because the first time somebody sees there is another
need out there, rather than reform and oversight the programs we have,
we create another one without ever looking at our housing programs.
Department of Justice grants. The Department of Justice is the only
agency in the Federal Government where if they don't spend all their
money every year, they get to keep it. Most people don't know that.
They have 253 different grant programs, and outside of the Department
of Justice are 9 other agencies involved in that. Most of these grant
programs have no metrics, no measurement on them whatsoever to say
whether they are actually accomplishing the purpose Congress created
them for in the first place.
So if, in fact, a prudent person would say, We have these grant
programs, what are they doing, what are they supposed to do, and how
are they measuring up, we don't know, because we don't require the
Federal Government to measure the effectiveness of its programs.
If, in fact, it is a legitimate role for the Department of Justice
and these 10 other agencies to grant taxpayer dollars to all sorts of
State-based criminal defense--prison, police force, investigative--if,
in fact, that is a Federal role--which, again, I would go back to the
Constitution and the enumerated powers and ask the question, and I
think about half of these would fail. But if it is, why would we have
this many different grant programs? Why would we have this much
overhead? Why would we have absolutely zero measurement on whether they
are actually accomplishing their goal?
Where we have been so far, just so we know, we have $176 billion
worth of spending that is wastefully spent. It is duplicative, one
overlaps the other, and we have no knowledge whatsoever about what we
are doing. We know from our heart we are trying to accomplish good, but
we have no capability to measure what we are doing. And that is just
the first four.
Look at diesel emissions. We all want clean air. Why would we have 14
separate programs on diesel emissions run through 3 different agencies?
Why not have three--one for agriculture, one for routine surface
transportation, and one for stationary? That is all there is out there.
There is transportation, there is agriculture, and there is stationary,
and yet we have five times as many grant programs as we have
utilization.
I hope America can see how incompetent we are as we allow all these
things to continue.
We are going to raise the borrowing against your children. In less
than a week we are going to raise the borrowing against your children,
and we are not going to do anything to fix these problems. Nothing.
Early learning and childcare. We have 50 different programs, 9
different agencies on which we spend $16 billion.
Employment assistance for disabled individuals. This is job training
for disabled people. Fifty different programs run through nine
different agencies, and we are going to spend $16 billion. I think that
is an appropriate thing for us to be involved in, but why in the world
would we have 50 different training programs for the disabled?
Nobody can answer that. There won't be a person come to the floor and
answer the question of why we have 50.
What we continue to do is treat the symptoms of our disease and not
the real disease. We are going to argue we should have training
programs for the disabled, but we are going to deny the fact that the
training programs for the disabled that we have oftentimes are
marginally working. And if we streamline them and focus them, we would
get a whole lot more value for our money, and we would also save money
just in the overhead associated with it.
Surface transportation programs, 55, and 5 different agencies. We
have a transportation bill every year. It is $43
[[Page S394]]
billion. And yet we take that money--which, by the way, isn't being
adequately funded. We are stealing from other things to keep the
transportation funding alive, and we run it through all this
bureaucracy rather than say, We took the money from the States, it is
for highways and mass transit, and give it back to them and let them
prioritize it themselves. Instead, we consume a good portion of it
here. We put all sorts of mandates on what they can and can't do with
their own money that we collect from them and send it back to them, and
then we run it through five different Federal agencies. So they are
jumping through five agencies' hoops just to be able to spend their own
money--their own tax money.
Support of entrepreneurs. I can guarantee you this one doesn't fit in
the enumerated powers of the Constitution.
So we have 53 times that we have said, We don't care what the
Constitution says, we are going to go out and support our
entrepreneurs. It is not a role for the Federal Government. We are
terrible at it. We don't know what we are doing at it. And yet we have
53 programs run through 4 agencies, $2.6 billion a year, and the vast
majority of it is waste and ineffectively spent.
STEM education programs. This is science, technology, engineering,
and math. It is an area we need to work on. It is an area we need to
incentivize. But 209 different programs, 100 or more of which are in
the Defense Department? Two hundred nine programs to incentivize
science, technology, engineering, and math? How about a couple of them
that really work, that really create the incentives people will really
go after that you can really manage and measure whether they are
effective--$3.1 billion a year.
This is just the first of what the GAO has so far outlined, at the
request of my office, which became a law which forced GAO to have to do
it.
Just a little history on this. Three years ago I asked the Government
Accountability Office and Congressional Research Services, Tell me
every program in the Federal Government. And both of them said,
Impossible; we can't do it. The Congressional Research Service said: We
can't do it. We do not have the capability to do it.
So I put into statute a law mandating that the Government
Accountability Office over a period of 3 years will identify and seek
out every Federal program, and notify Congress where they overlap. So
that is how we have gotten this information thus far. In April of this
year, we will get the last third. There is no doubt in my mind at all
that we are wasting at least $200 billion a year through duplication
coming from the Federal Government.
Think about that for a minute. If I am right--and I dare anybody to
come down here and challenge me on it--that is $2 trillion over the
next 10 years. That is 18 percent of our deficit this year.
The question you have to ask is, Where is Congress? Why aren't they
doing something about this? We passed one bill out of the Senate in the
last 3 years associated with this--it got thrown out in conference--
that saved $5 billion. We could easily save $20 billion to $30 billion
with minimal work.
I know it is much greater than that. There will be controversy as you
go up. But the fact that we have done nothing addressing these issues
tells you that there is a problem in Congress in terms of facing
reality.
It also tells you there is a problem in Congress in that the
political is much more important than the country; that we dare not
offend anybody who is a partaker of any of these programs, especially
the people who are employed in the administration in the implementation
of these programs--even though some programs have 250 or 209
duplications.
We have met the enemy, and the enemy is the U.S. Senate and the U.S.
Congress.
Let me go to the next list.
Unmanned aircraft programs. There is no question in terms of our
warfighting and our intelligence services that our unmanned capability
has been a tremendous asset to us. But somebody needs to ask the
question, Why do we have 15 different sets of programs run from 5
different agencies costing us $37 billion over 5 years? Where is the
explanation for that? Where is the idea that we might concentrate
expertise in one or two areas or three areas or four? But to have 15
separate programs means we are wasting money and getting less out of
the research and less out of the dollars we invested than if we were to
streamline those programs and limit them to targeted objectives. But we
refuse to do that.
Domestic food assistance, 18 different programs, 3 agencies; homeless
programs, 21 different programs, 7 agencies, $2.9 billion;
transportation services for transportation-disadvantaged persons--that
is something we ought to be involved in. I don't have any problem with
that. But 80 programs, each with their own overhead, each with their
own set of rules that communities have to comply with? Why would we not
want to say: How do we make this 20 programs, make it more effective,
eliminate the overhead and save the difference? We don't have to cut
money. What we have to do is save money, and we could have exactly the
same result through efficiency and smart planning by eliminating
duplication.
In my hometown there are 78 different programs for transportation for
these people that they can access, lapping over each other. It is not
that we should not be doing it, but what about the saving? Are we in a
crunch or not? Are we going to continue to stick our heads in the sand
and say we don't have a difficult time in front of us in terms of our
financing the basic needs for our Federal Government?
We are less than 8 years away, where Medicare, Medicaid, Social
Security, and interest on the debt will consume every penny of tax
revenue this country has. That is less than 8 years away, if we make it
that long, before we have hyperinflation. Why would we in Congress not
start addressing these very real needs?
Job training and employment--47 different programs, $18 billion a
year, 9 different agencies. In the House subcommittee, Chairwoman
Virginia Foxx, last year, I think, took about 35 of these programs and
converted them into 6. She did not look at all of them because she did
not have the authority or jurisdiction in her committee. It is the only
thing that has been done in the last 3 years that addresses anything
the GAO has said. Yet we will not even take it up. Saving billions of
dollars a year and improving the job training programs, yet we will not
take it up. It is not a priority for the HELP Committee.
Teacher quality--82 different programs. We have 82 programs to
improve the quality of teachers. Remember, we have a Department of
Education, but nine other agencies have teacher improvement programs.
Why would we have agencies outside the Department of Education running
teacher improvement programs? Is it because some Congressman or Senator
wanted a program named after them? Maybe they saw a need and did not
want to put it in with the other ones so we expanded it. So we expanded
overhead and we expanded the costs and we decreased the efficiency.
I would also make note that Thomas Jefferson, in his inaugural
address, addressed the American people when it came to the Federal
Government and education. Here is what he said: In order for the
Federal Government to be involved in education, you must make an
amendment to the United States Constitution.
I don't know a greater authority, other than maybe Madison and
Monroe, on the Constitution. But here is one of the authors. In his own
inaugural address as President of the United States, he said we have no
business being in education. Just so I might enlighten my colleagues
and the American people, since the Department of Education was founded,
we have spent in excess of $2 trillion of Federal taxpayer money, and
there is not one parameter that we can measure that is better than when
we started. Not one--we cannot find one parameter that is better than
when we started.
So there was wisdom in our Founders. We have great hearts, but we are
not very good at some things, and this is one of them that we are not
very good at. Yet here we have 82 different programs from 10 different
agencies.
Food safety--a legitimate role for the Federal Government. We have
done
[[Page S395]]
some work improving food safety in the last few years, but we have
multiple agencies. Do you realize if you buy a cheese pizza that the
FDA doesn't have any control over that, but if you buy a meat pizza the
FDA controls the food quality? But the cheese pizza, that is not FDA.
So the Agriculture Department takes care of one pizza and the FDA takes
care of another one. Does that make any sense to anybody in America?
Yet we do not have one agency totally responsible for food safety in
this country. Instead, we have 15 different agencies with 30 different
programs, and the cost of food goes up--not because we are markedly
improving food safety, but we are markedly increasing the regulations
and requirements from 15 different agencies. There are all sorts of
hidden costs in this as well.
Military and veterans health service. I want you to think about this
for a minute. We have a Pentagon and we have a Veterans'
Administration, two agencies. But we have four different agencies
involved in veterans and military health care. Why is that? Can anybody
explain that? What is the purpose of that? Why do we have three
different sets of rules and regulations within the Pentagon for health
care: one for the Army, one for the Navy, and one for the Air Force?
All of them are different. They are still taking care of the same
diseases among the same group of people, but we are a bureaucracy.
Rather than one organization running that we have three giant
organizations running that. How stupid is that? Is that pride of
keeping everything within the Air Force or in the Navy or in the Army?
When we are facing a $1.3 trillion deficit this year--that is what it
is going to be at a minimum--why would we not streamline that? Why
wouldn't we ask the hard questions? Why wouldn't we do the things
aligned with common sense and prudence instead of a political spoils
system?
Economic development--4 different agencies, 80 separate programs,
tons of waste, tons of duplication, tons of overlap, tons of fraud.
When we have 80 programs, or 85 programs, and the bureaucracies cannot
manage them, the gamers come in. The Federal Government this year will
create over $800 billion worth of grants. I want us to think about that
for a minute. Somewhere between one-fourth and one-fifth of our budget
will go out of here in terms of grants. There is only one agency that
oversees their grants effectively and smartly. The rest of the grants
are totally not overseen--effectively. We work at it a little bit.
If we think about it, one-fifth of the Federal budget is run out of
Washington in terms of grants that have requirements on them, that have
time lines on them, that have specifics on them, and nobody is watching
them.
Do you know what happens when you go to look at those? What you find
is fraud, mismanagement, some accomplishing exactly what they were
supposed to but not in the time, some underbudget, but the money never
gets sent back to the Federal Government; some grant money that is sent
out and a penny is never spent, and it is lost out there so it is never
recaptured. There are hundreds of billions of dollars of grant money
sitting out there that have never been used and never been pulled back
to the Federal Government. Why is that? That means hundreds of billions
of dollars that we are going to borrow because we have moneys that we
do not manage effectively.
Let me just do the third one, and I will wind up in a little bit, and
I will come back tomorrow and talk about the details of these. Here is
the third sheet. I suspect when we get the report, April 1, from the
GAO, I will have another two sheets.
When we start adding up this money, we get real money. We get
hundreds of billions of dollars that we are wasting. But nobody is
working on it.
Reducing reliance on petroleum fuel for the Federal fleet. We have 20
agencies working on that, but we only have 5 programs. So we have 20
sets of bureaucrats and administrations and everything else for 5
programs, and we are spending--it is not a lot of money in terms of
Washington money, but fuel efficiency for the Federal fleet? We put in
new CAFE standards. We could replace this $50 million and say, you
would not buy an automobile that doesn't have X mileage; you will limit
trips. We can do lots of management things to eliminate the need for a
program like this just through sound management and proper management.
Electronic health records system for veterans and the military. The
VA has a pretty good program. We have two different agencies, the VA
and the military, the Pentagon. We have 10 separate programs. We are
spending all this money at the Pentagon right now on electronic medical
records when we have a system already at the VA that they could have
adopted. Are we just doing one? No. We are doing different ones for
each branch of the service.
It makes you want to throw your hands up and get sick to your stomach
when you think about what we are doing today that we should stop doing
so we protect the future of this country.
Here is an area that I have looked at closely, preparedness grants.
Remember when FEMA was started 10, 11 years ago--maybe 15 years ago--
preparedness grants, we built all this up so we could prepare for
catastrophes--right? We have been doing this a number of years, well
over a decade, maybe almost two. Why do we continue to need more
preparedness grants?
I have not done this yet, but we plan on going back to look at all
the money that has gone out for preparedness. But we just passed a
Sandy bill, and 64 percent of the money is going to be spent on
preparedness and mitigation for the future on 50-year events. Yet we
are continuing to spend money every year on preparedness. Is there ever
a time at which we get prepared, that we can stop spending money? That
is a question the average American would probably ask: Is there a point
in time when we have prepared enough? Or can we spend enough money to
totally prepare against anything? And, of course, the answer is no. So
how much is enough? How much is prudent, given our budget situation
today.
Anyhow, I think you can see, just from this limited list of words--
and this is just one section of what I am going to be talking about.
Duplication. I am going to be talking about health care. I am going to
be talking about the Defense Department. Republicans have a blind eye
to the waste in the Defense Department and the mismanagement and the
duplication and the swinging revolving door from retired military
officers to the very companies that end up getting the contracts that
pay their salaries to get another contract to keep going on things that
necessarily are not priorities.
Let me just take an example for a moment, if I can. This is the best
one. Here is green buildings. Here are all the programs on green
buildings. Does any of that make sense? That is why we had to have a
chart this big. What we are doing is absolutely asinine as far as
duplication and what we are doing through multiple different
departments in terms of incentivizing green buildings.
Just think if we had 5 or 10 people in the administration of each one
of these programs and what we could save if we ended up just having 5
or 6 programs. Just think what the benefit would be that would inure
through the years in terms of the compounded savings for our kids and
young people in this country.
This chart depicts green buildings. The Institute of Standards and
Technology has three or four or five or six programs. The Department of
Health and Human Services has a multitude of programs. The Department
of Agriculture has a multitude of programs. The Department of
Transportation has multiple programs for green buildings. Why don't we
have a green building department in the Federal Government? If we have
that, we can just have one and save the overhead and the money. We can
see all the Environmental Protection Agency's programs on the chart.
This is lunacy. It is craziness.
I am going to stop at that, but I have this comment for my fellow
Oklahomans and fellow Americans: The next time you hear from a Member
of the congress that we cannot cut spending, come and play this C-SPAN
tape back for them. Either they don't want to or they know nothing
about management or efficiency or common sense. There is no longer an
excuse to say we cannot get marked savings from our Federal Government.
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As I go through this over the next couple weeks, I am going to show
example after example. It is painful to say the greatest Nation in the
world is absolutely incompetent when it comes to managing its
bureaucracy, its programs, and its money, but that is a true statement.
I am going to show evidence over the next 2 weeks of just how
incompetent we are.
I hope to build a case so no Member of Congress can ever tell a
constituent again that we cannot cut significant spending by at least
$2 trillion just from duplication over the next 10 years.
The work of the government is hard. The work of the Congress is built
on compromise, but there is no longer going to be a bogus set of facts
out there that says we cannot cut spending. I am going to prove we can
cut spending and the onus is going to be on the rest of the Members of
the body to say why we cannot.
With that, I yield the floor and note the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Blumenthal). The clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
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